Disease relevance of Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure

• The latter may be due to late onset acqueductal stenosis or disruption of normal CSF absorptive pathways following subarachnoid hemorrhage or meningitis ("secondary" normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)) [1].
• The triad of normal-pressure hydrocephalus, parkinsonism, and primary empty sella appeared in a 70-year-old woman [2].
• Second, regions of decreased total 31P metabolite signals were observed in normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH, n = 2), glioblastoma (n = 2), temporal lobe epilepsy (n = 2), and transient ischemic attacks (TIAs, n = 2) [3].
• Toxicities included nausea and vomiting in all 31 patients, nephrotoxicity (serum creatinine > 2 g/100 ml) in patients, tinnitus and/or high frequency hearing loss in 10 patients, and neurotoxicity (peripheral neuropathy, normal pressure hydrocephalus, papilledema) in 8 patients [4].
• Elevated CSF-tau levels were also detected in some patients with acute neurological diseases including meningoencephalitis, Creutzfeld-Jacob disease, normal pressure hydrocephalus and vitamin B12 deficiency encephalopathy [5].

Psychiatry related information on Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure

• However, the patterns of metabolic abnormality were distinctly different in the two dementia groups, with Alzheimer-type dementia subjects demonstrating bilateral temporoparietal hypometabolism while normal pressure hydrocephalus subjects showed globally diminished glucose use [6].
• Positron emission tomography with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose differentiates normal pressure hydrocephalus from Alzheimer-type dementia [6].
• CSF sulfatide distinguishes between normal pressure hydrocephalus and subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy [7].
• No differences between normal pressure hydrocephalus, multiinfarct dementia and dementia of the Alzheimer type could be found with regard to adenylate kinase activity in CSF [8].
• Quantitative electroencephalography from the occipito-parietal region, gait, and psychometric tests were performed in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) before and after drainage of 40 ml CSF [9].

High impact information on Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure

• To study regional cerebral autoregulation in patients with possible normal pressure hydrocephalus, a sensitive CBF technique is required that provides absolute, not relative normalized, values for regional CBF and an adequate change in cerebral perfusion pressure must be provoked [10].
• We examined CSF levels of markers of neuronal degeneration and astrogliosis-the light subunit of the neurofilament triplet protein (NFL) and the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-in 65 patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) [11].
• The syndrome of normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) fully remitted after ceftriaxone treatment [12].
• Normal pressure hydrocephalus triggers intrathecal production of TNF-alpha [13].
• Technetium-99m-HMPAO brain SPECT, which provides objective documentation of clinical recovery after surgery, could be routinely used to evaluate patients with normal-pressure hydrocephalus [14].

Chemical compound and disease context of Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure

• A cisternogram characteristic of normal-pressure hydrocephalus was obtained from a patient on Diamox who was being evaluated for rapid mental deterioration [15].
• Heterogeneous cerebral glucose metabolism in normal pressure hydrocephalus [16].
• Regional cerebral blood flow (rcbf) was studied preoperatively and at 2 and 6 months postoperatively in 22 normal pressure hydrocephalus patients using xenon-133 inhalation and single photon emission computed tomography [17].
• Lumbar and ventricular CSF concentration of homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxy-indole-acetic acid (5-HIAA) have been determined in 13 patients admitted to hospital for suspected normal pressure hydrocephalus [18].
• Ventricular lactate in normal pressure hydrocephalus: from where has it come to where does it go [19]?

Biological context of Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure

• CSF pressure (intracranial pressure, in one patient lumbar pressure) was monitored continuously for one night in 23 patients with suspected symptomatic normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) to identify patients who might benefit from subsequent shunt surgery [20].
• Motor evoked potentials and central motor conduction time (CMCT) were examined from both upper and lower limbs in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus to find a predictor for the success of shunting procedures [21].
• Time--density curves were generated for the cisterna magna, suprasellar cistern, quadrigeminal cistern, and sylvian fissure, If clinical, biochemical, and routine static CT scanning indicate a profile suggesting normal pressure hydrocephalus, then CSF kinetics may be quantitatively and dynamically studied by CT imaging with metrizamide enhancement [22].

Anatomical context of Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure

• Reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) fractions of a human with normal pressure hydrocephalus cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), co-migrating with NPFF-related synthetic peptides, were characterized by capillary HPLC coupled on-line to nanospray ion trap tandem mass spectrometry [23].
• The synaptic membrane glycoprotein D2 was measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma in 13 patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), in 14 patients with primary degenerative dementia of Alzheimer type (PDD), and in 24 patients without evidence of organic nervous disease (controls) [24].

Gene context of Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure

• Decreased SOM and NPY concentrations have been found in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus and are probably the result of neuronal dysfunction, which could potentially be restored by shunting [25].
• CONCLUSIONS: Shunting can restore SOM, NPY, and CRF concentrations even in patients with longstanding normal pressure hydrocephalus [25].
• We found PGDS levels in CSF of patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) (8.99+/-2.59 microg/ml, mean+/-S.D., n=14) to be significantly lower than levels in a control (15.29+/-5.17, n=14, P<0.0001) and other dementia group (19.14+/-4.34, n=7, P=0.0003) [26].
• Shunt related changes in somatostatin, neuropeptide Y, and corticotropin releasing factor concentrations in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus [25].
• High cerebrospinal fluid concentration of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure

• The combination of cerebral blood flow measurement using (15)O-water positron emission tomography with magnetic resonance coregistration and CSF infusion studies was used to study the global and regional changes in CBF with changes in CSF pressure in 15 patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus [10].
• In the diffuse type, a decrease in CBF was noted in cases of normal-pressure hydrocephalus; successful ventriculoperitoneal shunt operations were followed by recovery of CBF [28].
• The bladder hyperactivity could be temporarily improved by a lumbar puncture and removal of 50 ml CSF and later abolished by a shunt operation in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus while no changes occurred in the other patients [29].
• MR differential diagnosis of normal-pressure hydrocephalus and Alzheimer disease: significance of perihippocampal fissures [30].
• Somatostatin levels were measured in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct dementia and normal pressure hydrocephalus and compared with levels from a normal control group [31].

References