Disease relevance of netilmicin

• Randomised, controlled trial of the comparative efficacy, auditory toxicity, and nephrotoxicity of tobramycin and netilmicin [1].
• Patients with peritonitis are now given intraperitoneal netilmicin and intravenous vancomycin [2].
• We investigated the efficacy and incidence of renal impairment with netilmicin plus mezlocillin compared with ceftazidime in 128 cirrhotic patients who required empirical treatment for sepsis [3].
• Although netilmicin is less effective than gentamicin in vitro against Pseudomonas, it was clinically and bacteriologically effective [4].
• Netilmicin treatment did not differ significantly in mean daily dose per kg body weight and days of therapy between the two treatment arms [5].

Psychiatry related information on netilmicin

• Of those evaluated with posttherapy audiograms, three of four netilmicin and piperacillin-treated patients had auditory thresholds return to baseline compared with one of nine tobramycin and piperacillin-treated patients [6].
• However, tolerance of these agents, with the possible exception of netilmicin, is very poor, and patient compliance is low [7].

High impact information on netilmicin

• The number of greater than or equal to 15-dB increases in auditory threshold as a proportion of total greater than or equal to 15-dB changes (increases and decreases) was significantly lower in netilmicin and piperacillin- vs tobramycin and piperacillin-treated patients (18 of 78 vs 67 of 115) [6].
• CONCLUSION: These findings help explain the large interindividual variability of the pharmacokinetics of netilmicin and the influence of the clinical and laboratory covariates in neonates and infants [8].
• Nephrotoxicity was moderate and reversible with netilmicin; there was increased enzymuria and alteration in diluting ability, without significant changes in urinary beta 2-microglobulin levels, concentrating ability, and glomerular filtration rate [9].
• Multidose kinetics were of the same order for gentamicin and netilmicin with the exception of the terminal plasma t 1/2 (94 and 156 hr) and the volume of distribution at steady state (450 and 1072 ml/kg) [10].
• The binding of netilmicin and acetyl-CoA could not be detected by either fluorescence spectroscopy or isothermal titration calorimetry [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of netilmicin

• Cochlear toxicity, as measured by a change in audiogram, occurred in 4/14 (28.5%) of the amikacin recipients and 3/19 (15.8%) of the netilmicin recipients [12].
• Flow cytometric analysis of encapsulated E. coli exposed to netilmicin, ciprofloxacin, and fleroxacin revealed that the reduction in capsular material was homogeneous among the bacterial population [13].
• Cefazolin plus netilmicin versus cefazolin plus ceftazidime for treating CAPD peritonitis: effect on residual renal function [14].
• Pharmacokinetics and bacteriological efficacy of moxalactam (LY127935), netilmicin, and ampicillin in experimental gram-negative enteric bacillary meningitis [15].
• Synergistic activity of ceftriaxone combined with netilmicin administered once daily for treatment of experimental streptococcal endocarditis [16].

Biological context of netilmicin

• The purposes of this study were to test the pharmacokinetics and renal and otologic tolerances of a once-daily regimen of netilmicin and teicoplanin administered intramuscularly, alone or in combination (4.5 and 6 mg/kg, respectively), for 7 days in 30 healthy male volunteers [9].
• Kinetics of netilmicin in man [17].
• Netilmicin pharmacokinetics were studied in neonates of 27 to 42 weeks' gestational age and 0.8 to 5.0 kg body weight in their first 2 weeks of life by the population pharmacokinetic approach [18].
• Clinical pharmacology of netilmicin [19].
• By contrast, netilmicin induced a marked phospholipidosis but a moderate apoptosis and proliferative response [20].

Anatomical context of netilmicin

• Netilmicin treatment of complicated urinary tract infection in patients with renal function impairment [21].
• Netilmicin concentrations again were somewhat lower in the tissues, but identical to those of the other drugs in the perilymph [22].
• The average penetration of this investigational oxa-cephalosporin into cerebrospinal fluid of infected rabbits was 23% compared with 25% for netilmicin and 11% for ampicillin [15].
• Netilmicin produces an accumulation of membrane-limited osmiophilic lamellated inclusions in the pigment epithelial cell [23].
• The kinetics of the entry of three aminoglycosides into inner-ear tissues of the guinea pig after acute and chronic administration were compared: gentamicin toxic to the cochlea and the vestibule, amikacin preferentially cochleotoxic, and netilmicin of low ototoxic liability [22].

Associations of netilmicin with other chemical compounds

• Patients with a tumor partly involving one kidney, with normal renal function, and scheduled for nephrectomy received one dose of either gentamicin (4.5 mg/kg) or netilmicin (5 mg/kg) as a single short-term infusion or as 24-hour continuous infusion [24].
• 4. At pH 6.5, the killing rates of amikacin and netilmicin were far lower than those observed at pH 7 [25].
• Although no adjustment in netilmicin dosing is required, tobramycin should be administered more frequently when given concomitantly with piperacillin to hemodialysis patients to avoid prolonged periods of subtherapeutic concentrations [26].
• The effect of piperacillin administration on the dispositions of netilmicin and tobramycin was assessed in 12 chronic hemodialysis patients [26].
• Sisomicin versus netilmicin: in vitro susceptibility testing [27].

Gene context of netilmicin

• We feel that the aminoglycoside, netilmicin, might provide an alternative agent (to intravenously administered vancomycin) for treating multiply-antimicrobial resistant MRSA [28].
• The pharmacokinetics of intravenous netilmicin was studied in cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF patients who were closely matched according to age [29].
• In this improved simple method for determination of aminoglycoside antibiotics in dried-blood spots on filter paper, gentamicin or netilmicin is recovered from the blood spot most effectively by incubation for 60 min in an ultrafiltration tube containing 500 microL of 0.5 mol/L Na2HPO4 buffer [30].
• All of the plasmids encoded intermediate resistance to amikacin and netilmicin and resistance to ethidium bromide; some encoded beta-lactamase production [31].
• After administration of 150 mg netilmicin samples of CSF and blood were obtained [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of netilmicin

• METHODS: Therapeutic drug monitoring data collected from 186 neonates and 95 infants receiving netilmicin were analyzed with a nonparametric population approach [8].
• Netilmicin appears to be primarily excreted by glomerular filtration [33].
• Homogeneous enzyme immunoassay for netilmicin [34].
• 125I radioimmunoassay of netilmicin [35].
• The disk diffusion inhibitory zone diameters for 10-microgram and 30-microgram netilmicin disks were correlated with minimum inhibitory concentrations against 471 clinical strains tested in cation-supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth [36].

References