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Chemical Compound Review

AC1L24WE     [4-amino-3- (dimethylcarbamoylamino)-5- [(3...

Synonyms:
 
 
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Disease relevance of PACTAMYCIN

  • Production of interleukin 2 (IL-2) in mixed lymphocyte cultures of SJL/J lymph node (LN) and gamma-irradiated, syngeneic lymphoma cells of transplantable reticulum cell sarcoma (gamma-RCS) was abolished by pactamycin pretreatment of gamma-RCS [1].
  • In a run-off system composed of term polysomes, ascites S-100, and the inhibitor of initiation, pactamycin, the 25,000 molecular weight material, referred to as pre-hPL, was also synthesized [2].
  • Three types of mutations were found in pactamycin resistant cells, A694G, C795U and C796U (Escherichia coli 16 S rRNA numeration) located distantly in rRNA primary structure but probably neighboring each other in the three-dimensional structure [3].
  • The processing rate of the capsid precursor (peak 92) was not retarded by pactamycin [4].
  • The results of pactamycin gene ordering experiments indicated that the small structural proteins of FeLV are ordered p11-p15-p10-p30 [5].
 

Psychiatry related information on PACTAMYCIN

 

High impact information on PACTAMYCIN

  • Puromycin and pactamycin, both of which remove RNAs from polysomes, completely unlink tubulin RNA content from the level of free subunits, whereas pretreatment of cells with cycloheximide, which traps mRNAs onto stalled polyribosomes, enhances the specific degradation of tubulin RNAs in response to increases in the subunit content [7].
  • The crystal structures of the universal translation-initiation inhibitors edeine and pactamycin bound to ribosomal 30S subunit have revealed that edeine induces base pairing of G693:C795, residues that constitute the pactamycin binding site [8].
  • It was found that Ia antignes are rapidly secreted by a subpopulation of splenic T lymphocytes which are nonadherent and which express the surface phenotype Ly-1+, Ly-2-, and Ia-. Secretion of the Ia antigens was a metabolically active process which was inhibited by sodium azide and by Pactamycin, an inhibitor of protein synthesis [9].
  • Exogenous IL-2, but not interleukin 1 (IL-1), restored the ability of pactamycin-treated gamma-RCS to induce syngeneic T-cell proliferation [1].
  • The membrane-bound ribosomes found after pactamycin treatment consisted of a few polyribosomes, with a striking accumulation of native 60S subunits and an increased number of native 40S subunits [10].
 

Chemical compound and disease context of PACTAMYCIN

 

Biological context of PACTAMYCIN

  • Here, we show that base pair formation by addition of edeine inhibits tRNA binding to the P site by preventing codon-anticodon interaction and that addition of pactamycin, which rebreaks the base pair, can relieve this inhibition [8].
  • Remapping with pactamycin by using methods which take this new protein into account yielded a gag gene order of NH2-p219-p27-p12-p15-COOH [12].
  • Pulse-chase kinetics and extensive pactamycin mapping studies show that the translation of rhinovirus 1A proceeds in the order: initiate-P1-S-P2-terminate, where P1 is the precursor to the capsid proteins, S is a stable primary gene product, and P2 is the precursor to a family of noncapsid products [4].
  • Pactamycin resistance correlated with the presence of mutations in the 16 S rRNA gene of H. halobium single rRNA operon [3].
  • These proteins in the pactamycin binding site are probably related to the initiation step of protein synthesis [13].
 

Anatomical context of PACTAMYCIN

  • Isolated growth cones displayed incorporation of 3H-leucine that was inhibited by treatment with the protein synthesis inhibitors anisomycin and pactamycin, indicating that ribosomal-dependent translation occurs in growth cones [14].
  • 40 S subunit migration has been detected in both wheat germ and reticulocyte lysates treated with edeine, pactamycin, or sodium fluoride [15].
  • Pactamycin resistance in CHO cells: morphological changes induced by the drug in the wild-type and mutant cells [16].
  • Through iodination, one radioactive derivative of pactamycin has been obtained with biological activities similar to the unmodified drug when tested on in vivo and cell-free systems [13].
  • In the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of pactamycin, CHO cells, which are normally short, polygonal and disoriented, became greatly elongated and aligned themselves in parallel fashion to produce highly oriented colony morphologies, reminiscent of normal diploid fibroblasts [16].
 

Associations of PACTAMYCIN with other chemical compounds

 

Gene context of PACTAMYCIN

  • A number of other protein synthesis inhibitors, including streptovitacin, acetoxycycloheximide, pactamycin, and ricin, all increased CYP2H1 mRNA expression to a similar extent [22].
  • Treatment of control and heat shocked cells with the initiation inhibitor pactamycin reveals that elongation of the HSP70 nascent peptide is not completely arrested, but is slower in control cells [23].
  • Preferential labeling of COOH-terminal sequences in newly synthesized fibronectin was achieved by short term incorporation of radiolabeled amino acids in the presence of pactamycin, an inhibitor of polypeptide chain initiation [24].
  • Short incubations and incubations with pactamycin showed that approximately 30,000 molecular weight collagenase-resistant peptides, which are destroyed by pepsin, form the carboxyl end of the pro alpha IV chains [25].
  • Since pactamycin promotes polysomes dissociation, these results suggest that cAMP enhances the stability of a polysome-free PEPCK mRNA [26].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of PACTAMYCIN

References

  1. Ia-restricted interaction of normal lymphoid cells and SJL lymphoma (reticulum cell sarcoma) leading to lymphokine production. III. Relative roles of reticulum cell sarcoma and normal lymphoid cells in lymphokine production. Hayama, T., Ponzio, N.M., Nagler, C., Vilcek, J., Coico, R.F., Thorbecke, G.J. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (1984) [Pubmed]
  2. mRNA-dependent synthesis of authentic precursor to human placental lactogen: conversion to its mature hormone form in ascites cell-free extracts. Szczesna, E., Boime, I. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1976) [Pubmed]
  3. Pactamycin resistance mutations in functional sites of 16 S rRNA. Mankin, A.S. J. Mol. Biol. (1997) [Pubmed]
  4. Evidence of ambiguous processing and selective degradation in the noncapsid proteins of rhinovirus 1A. McLean, C., Matthews, T.J., Rueckert, R.R. J. Virol. (1976) [Pubmed]
  5. Analysis of intracellular feline leukemia virus proteins II. Generation of feline leukemia virus structural proteins from precursor polypeptides. Okasinski, G.F., Velicer, L.F. J. Virol. (1977) [Pubmed]
  6. Protein synthesis and amnesia: studies with emetine and pactamycin. Dunn, A.J., Gray, H.E., Iuvone, P.M. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. (1977) [Pubmed]
  7. Autoregulation of tubulin expression is achieved through specific degradation of polysomal tubulin mRNAs. Pachter, J.S., Yen, T.J., Cleveland, D.W. Cell (1987) [Pubmed]
  8. Dissecting the ribosomal inhibition mechanisms of edeine and pactamycin: the universally conserved residues G693 and C795 regulate P-site RNA binding. Dinos, G., Wilson, D.N., Teraoka, Y., Szaflarski, W., Fucini, P., Kalpaxis, D., Nierhaus, K.H. Mol. Cell (2004) [Pubmed]
  9. Secretion of Ia antigens by a subpopulation of T cells which are Ly-1+, Ly-2-, and Ia-. McKenzie, I.F., Parish, C.R. J. Exp. Med. (1976) [Pubmed]
  10. Membrane-bound ribosomes of myeloma cells. III. The role of the messenger RNA and the nascent polypeptide chain in the binding of ribosomes to membranes. Mechler, B., Vassalli, P. J. Cell Biol. (1975) [Pubmed]
  11. Mechanism of recognition of herpes simplex virus type 1-infected cells by natural killer cells. López-Guerrero, J.A., Alarcón, B., Fresno, M. J. Gen. Virol. (1988) [Pubmed]
  12. Novel p19-related protein in Rous-associated virus type 61: implications for avian gag gene order. Shealy, D.J., Mosser, A.G., Rueckert, R.R. J. Virol. (1980) [Pubmed]
  13. Photoaffinity labeling of the pactamycin binding site on eubacterial ribosomes. Tejedor, F., Amils, R., Ballesta, J.P. Biochemistry (1985) [Pubmed]
  14. Protein synthesis within neuronal growth cones. Davis, L., Dou, P., DeWit, M., Kater, S.B. J. Neurosci. (1992) [Pubmed]
  15. Migration of 40 S ribosomal subunits on messenger RNA when initiation is perturbed by lowering magnesium or adding drugs. Kozak, M. J. Biol. Chem. (1979) [Pubmed]
  16. Pactamycin resistance in CHO cells: morphological changes induced by the drug in the wild-type and mutant cells. Gupta, R.S., Siminovitch, L. J. Cell. Physiol. (1980) [Pubmed]
  17. The permeability of the endoplasmic reticulum is dynamically coupled to protein synthesis. Roy, A., Wonderlin, W.F. J. Biol. Chem. (2003) [Pubmed]
  18. Role of changes in protein degradation in the growth of regenerating livers. Scornik, O.A., Botbol, V. J. Biol. Chem. (1976) [Pubmed]
  19. Resistance of lambda cI translation to antibiotics that inhibit translation initiation. Chin, K., Shean, C.S., Gottesman, M.E. J. Bacteriol. (1993) [Pubmed]
  20. Superinduction of human interleukin-2 messenger RNA by inhibitors of translation. Efrat, S., Zelig, S., Yagen, B., Kaempfer, R. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1984) [Pubmed]
  21. Binding sites of the antibiotics pactamycin and celesticetin on ribosomal RNAs. Egebjerg, J., Garrett, R.A. Biochimie (1991) [Pubmed]
  22. Inhibition of protein synthesis increases the transcription of the phenobarbital-inducible CYP2H1 and CYP2H2 genes in chick embryo hepatocytes. Hamilton, J.W., Bement, W.J., Sinclair, P.R., Sinclair, J.F., Alcedo, J.A., Wetterhahn, K.E. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. (1992) [Pubmed]
  23. HSP70 mRNA translation in chicken reticulocytes is regulated at the level of elongation. Theodorakis, N.G., Banerji, S.S., Morimoto, R.I. J. Biol. Chem. (1988) [Pubmed]
  24. Location of a collagen-binding domain in fibronectin. Balian, G., Click, E.M., Bornstein, P. J. Biol. Chem. (1980) [Pubmed]
  25. Identification of the carboxyl peptides of mouse procollagen IV and its implications for the assembly and structure of basement membrane procollagen. Fessler, L.I., Fessler, J.H. J. Biol. Chem. (1982) [Pubmed]
  26. The role of protein synthesis in the decay of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase messenger RNA. Hua, J., Hod, Y. Mol. Endocrinol. (1992) [Pubmed]
  27. The isolation of Mengo virus stable non-capsid polypeptides from infected L cells and preliminary characterization of an RNA polymerase activity associated with polypeptide E. Lund, G.A., Scraba, D.G. J. Gen. Virol. (1979) [Pubmed]
  28. Combined antiviral effect of DNA inhibitors on Herpes simplex virus multiplication. Wigand, R., Hassinger, M. Med. Microbiol. Immunol. (Berl.) (1980) [Pubmed]
 
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