Disease relevance of Pontocaine

• Colchicine, vinblastine, and tetracaine inhibit the fluidization of chicken erythrocyte membrane by Sendai virus, whereas cytochalasin B has no effect [1].
• Inhalation of tetracaine aerosol resulted in marked reductions in ozone-induced subjective symptoms of throat tickle and/or irritation (92.1%), cough (78.5%), shortness of breath (72.5%), and pain on deep inspiration (69.4%) [2].
• 4. The effects of tetracaine on contraction closely resemble those obtained previously with K contractures and further emphasize that two processes, both of which depend on the membrane potential, are involved in the initiation of contraction in amphibian heart [3].
• The long lasting effects of peripheral nerve blocks for trigeminal neuralgia using high concentration of tetracaine dissolved in bupivacaine [4].
• The toxicity of tetracaine was statistically indistinguishable from balanced salt solution, although mild toxicity was evident clinically [5].

Psychiatry related information on Pontocaine

• At high doses, tetracaine also suppressed locomotor activity [6].
• Influence of duration of lateral decubitus on the spread of hyperbaric tetracaine during spinal anesthesia: a prospective time-response study [7].
• Fewer antecedent ejaculations had less inhibitory effects on reflexive erection, and TET then acted, as in rested males, to reduce the erection latency and the number of erections, indicating that copulation may act on the brain's descending influences on spinal systems [8].
• EMLA presented a longer latency period, 4% amethocaine showed the highest percentage of untoward effects, and AMLI exhibited a shorter latency period than EMLA, while having fewer adverse effects than 4% AMET and EMLA [9].
• Results obtained indicate that the sequence of return of neurological activity following tetracaine subarachnoid block is sympathetic nervous system activity, pinprick sensation, somatic motor function followed by proprioception in the feet [10].

High impact information on Pontocaine

• Embryos of the D. melanogaster strain producing gynandromorphs by loss of the ring-X chromosome were treated with vinblastine to obtain blastoderms with all mitoses arrested in metaphase, and with tetracaine to improve the resolution of chromosomes [11].
• Inhibition of Ca2+ efflux from mitochondria by nupercaine and tetracaine [12].
• Electron microscope examination of tetracaine-treated cells revealed marked alterations of surface membranes [13].
• Tetracaine (0.25--1.0 mM) significantly reduced extracellular release of the lysosomal enzymes, beta-glucuronidase and lysozyme from polymorphonuclear leukocytes exposed to serum-treated zymosan (a particulate stimulus), zymosan-treated serum (a soluble stimulus), and to the surface-active lectin, concanavalin A [13].
• Microtubules and microfilaments appeared normal in "resting" polymorphonuclear leukocytes, but the increase in microtubules normally observed in stimulated cells was not seen after tetracaine treatment [13].

Chemical compound and disease context of Pontocaine

• PARTICIPANTS: In 135 patients with Graves' disease, a total of 200 ocular muscles were operated during the past 20 years at the Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany. METHODS: Surgery was performed under topical anesthesia with tetracaine hydrochloride 1% eyedrops [14].
• CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that adding phenylephrine to tetracaine for spinal anesthesia increases the potential for transient neurologic symptoms, but that the concentration of glucose does not affect their occurrence [15].
• The stimulatory effects of propranolol and tetracaine on GTPase and GTP[gamma S] binding were inhibited by pertussis toxin [16].
• Transient neurologic symptoms when phenylephrine is added to tetracaine spinal anesthesia--an alternative [17].
• Use of polymyxin B, levallorphan, and tetracaine to isolate novel envelope mutants of Escherichia coli [18].

Biological context of Pontocaine

• These results suggest that tetracaine interferes with those interactions between immune reactants and the polymorphonuclear leukocyte cell surface which provoke exocytosis and increased oxidative metabolism [13].
• Conversely, 1 mM tetracaine completely inhibited CR3 up-regulation, while significantly enhancing aggregation [19].
• Tetracaine (25 microM) had similar effects on the charge movement currents, shifting the voltage dependence on the ON charge in parallel with the contraction threshold, but to more positive membrane potentials, and leaving QOFF essentially unchanged [20].
• Although concentrations of the LA tetracaine consistent with binding to the ion channel pore elicit a reversed pattern of spectral changes suggestive of a resting state-like nAChR, higher concentrations also lead to neurotransmitter site binding and desensitization [21].
• 25 microM tetracaine had very little effect on the maximum amounts of Q beta and Q gamma but slowed the kinetics of the I gamma humps in the ON segments of TEST-minus-CONTROL current traces, giving rise to biphasic transients in the difference traces [22].

Anatomical context of Pontocaine

• Tertiary amine local anesthetics (dibucaine, tetracaine, procaine) reversibly affect the morphology of untransformed BALB/3T3 cells and the organization of membrane-associated cytoskeletal elements [23].
• Effects of tetracaine on charge movements and calcium signals in frog skeletal muscle fibers [24].
• The thermodynamic parameters that characterize the inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase activity, in rat liver submitochondrial particles, by n-butanol, tetracaine, and dibucaine were obtained [25].
• Granulocytes exposed to tetracaine and lidocaine remained more than 95% viable, retained normal bactericidal capacity after the drugs were washed from the cells, and had preserved membrane integrity, as evidenced by the normal ultrastructural appearance of tetracaine-exposed cells and an absence of leakage of lysozyme or lactic dehydrogenase [26].
• Calcium leakage from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) measured using tetracaine was significantly increased in diabetic myocytes [27].

Associations of Pontocaine with other chemical compounds

• The enthalpies of interaction are -2.3, -4.7, and 3.7 kcal/mol (1 cal = 4.18 J) for the native state and -10, -6, and -14 kcal/mol for the denatured state, for n-butanol, tetracaine, and dibucaine, respectively [25].
• Calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) pools have been demonstrated in brain and heart microsomes biochemically and autoradiographically by the sensitivity of 45Ca2+ accumulation to Mg2+, ATP, ruthenium red, caffeine, and tetracaine [28].
• Effects of caffeine, tetracaine, and ryanodine on calcium-dependent oscillations in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibers [29].
• The effects of tetracaine on charge movements and on antipyrylazo III signals monitoring intracellular delta [Ca2+] were compared in cut frog semitendinosus muscle fibers in a single vaseline gap-voltage clamp [30].
• None of the following activities in rat brain or adrenal medulla were inhibited by 5-2500 microM of tetracaine or bupivacaine: catecholamine-O-methyltransferase, tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase [31].

Gene context of Pontocaine

• Western blot analysis revealed that tetracaine prevented the membrane translocation of PLD-activating factors, ADP-ribosylation factor, RhoA, and protein kinase Calpha [32].
• Interestingly, the complete loss of the LAS21 gene canceled the sensitivity to tetracaine [33].
• LAS24/KOG1, a component of the TOR complex 1 (TORC1), is needed for resistance to local anesthetic tetracaine and normal distribution of actin cytoskeleton in yeast [34].
• Ruthenium red and tetracaine can further inhibit hypoxic increase in [Ca2+]i in RyR3-/- mouse PASMCs [35].
• PD98059, an inhibitor of ERK, enhanced tetracaine-induced cell death and JNK phosphorylation, whereas ERK phosphorylation was inhibited [36].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Pontocaine

• Medial septal modulation of hippocampal single-unit activity was examined by assessing the behavioral and physiological consequences of reversibly inactivating the medial septum via microinjection of a local anesthetic (tetracaine) in freely behaving rats trained to solve a working memory problem on a radial maze [37].
• We examined the effect of the local anesthetic tetracaine on the Ca(2+)-blockable, poorly selective cation channels in the isolated skin of Rana temporaria and the urinary bladder of Bufo marinus using noise analysis and microelectrode impalements [38].
• The effect of tetracaine on the ionic current in enzymatically dissociated single guinea-pig ventricular cells was studied using a two micro-electrode voltage-clamp technique [39].
• Interaction of the local anesthetics dibucaine and tetracaine with sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes. Differential scanning calorimetry and fluorescence studies [40].
• Dissection of charge movement with tetracaine indicates that Q gamma might be bell-shaped and capacitive in nature [41].

References