Disease relevance of ozone

• Letter: Ozone, parathyroiditis, and femoral fractures [1].
• Ozone showed an even stronger association with lung cancer mortality for males with an RR of 4.19 (95% CI: 1.81, 9.69) for the IQR difference of 551 h/yr when O3 exceeded 100 parts per billion [2].
• The results of these studies support the hypotheses that the cytoskeleton has a central role in maintenance of respiratory epithelial integrity and that a target for O3 toxicity may be the components of cytoskeleton [3].
• 7. Ozone exposure of guinea-pigs produced features common to COPD [4].
• Ozone (O3) was associated with an increase in the occurrence of asthma attacks and respiratory infections and with changes in lung function, as shown by an increase in PEF variability and a decrease in PEF [5].

Psychiatry related information on ozone

• Effects of acute and continuous ozone (O3) exposure on activity/exploration and social behavior of CD-1 mice [6].
• The O3 reaction time was shown to be important for the destruction of both compounds [7].

High impact information on ozone

• Besides, the association of DNA adduct levels with O3 indicates a possible role for photochemical smog in determining DNA damage [8].
• In further studies we found that O3 inhalation also caused enhanced production of hydrogen peroxide, but an apparent decrease in release of superoxide anion by lung phagocytes [9].
• After brief exposure of rats to ozone (O3, 1 to 2 ppm, 3 h), a pulmonary irritant and inflammatory agent that is rapidly converted to molecular oxygen, lung phagocytes produced significantly increased amounts of nitric oxide when compared with control animals [9].
• Compared with the wild type, opr3 mutants were more sensitive to O3 exposure [10].
• We showed that O3 exposure caused the induction of several genes involved in antioxidant metabolism in the wild type [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of ozone

• My hypothesis is that NO2 and O3 initiate or exacerbate chronic lung disease through an inflammatory mechanism which can be reduced by supplementation with greater amounts than those required to alleviate vitamin deficiency symptoms of vitamins C (ascorbic acid) and E (alpha-tocopherol) [11].

Biological context of ozone

• To help assess short-term respiratory responses to summertime air pollution, we exposed 24 asthmatic volunteers aged 11-18 in a chamber to respirable acid aerosol (mass median aerodynamic diameter 0.66 micron) plus 0.3 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2) plus 0.2 ppm ozone (O3) [12].
• BACKGROUND: Ozone is a photochemical oxidant pollutant that is an important public health hazard [13].
• Ozone (O3) exposure, a representative oxidative stress, is known to cause activation of antioxidant metabolism [10].
• Summary of papers and research recommendations of Working Group on Tropospheric Ozone, Health Effects Institute environmental epidemiology planning project [14].
• 2. Ozone caused an early-phase bronchoconstriction (EPB) as a fall in specific airways conductance (sG(aw)) measured by whole body plethysmography, followed at 5 h by a late-phase bronchoconstriction (LPB) and increased respiratory rate [4].

Anatomical context of ozone

• RESULTS: Ozone induced significant increases in airway eosinophils, especially in bronchial lavage fluid [15].
• Potentially harmful effects of O3 on cytoskeletal elements were confirmed in rat lung epithelial cells in culture [3].
• Inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts by ozone was performed in ozone demand-free 0.05 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.9) in bench-scale batch reactors at 7 and 22 degrees C. Ozone was added to each trial from a concentrated stock solution for contact times ranging from 5 to 15 min [16].
• Cumulative O3 exposure correlated with respiratory symptoms, PMNs (rs = 0.2374, p < 0.01), and CD11b (rs = 0.3094, p < 0.01); 94% of exposed subjects experienced respiratory symptoms, and 97% left the city with an abnormal nasal mucosa by rhinoscopy [17].
• These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that mast cells significantly modulate the inflammatory and proliferative responses of the murine airways to O3 [18].

Associations of ozone with other chemical compounds

• CO2, O3, genotype, and their interactions altered forest tent caterpillar performance, and differentially so between sexes [19].
• O3-induced epithelial injury was assessed by light microscopy, and O3-induced DNA synthesis in airway epithelium was estimated by using a 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-labeling index in the nasal and terminal bronchiolar epithelia [18].
• Oxidation of Oleic Acid and Oleic Acid/Sodium Chloride(aq) Mixture Droplets with Ozone: Changes of Hygroscopicity and Role of Secondary Reactions [20].
• Santiago de Chile has a high level of air pollution with ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO) and particles equal or smaller than 10 microns (PM10) usually exceeding the accepted standards [21].
• On the basis of these calculations, air pollution in The Netherlands reduces total crop volume by 5%:3.4% by O3, 1.2% by SO2, and 0.4% by HF [22].

Gene context of ozone

• The only air pollutant to which patients with severe COPD were particularly sensitive was O3 [23].
• RESULTS: Ozone treatment diminished the increase in serum creatinine levels, the glutathione depletion and also reversed the inhibition of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities induced by cisplatin in the rat kidney [24].
• Daily death counts were regressed separately in the two cities, using Poisson regression on SO2, O3, and/or TSP controlling for variability in the weather and seasons [25].
• Ozone's Impact on Public Health: Contributions from Indoor Exposures to Ozone and Products of Ozone-Initiated Chemistry [26].
• After adjustment for age, parental education and history of atopic eczema, physician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis was found to be associated with higher nonsummer (September-May) warmth and traffic-related air pollutants, including CO, NOx and O3 [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of ozone

• Plethysmography measurements were made before and after NO2 and O3 exposures [28].
• Spirometry was performed before the first exposure and at 1-h intervals until the end of the 2-h (O3) exposure [28].
• Ozone (O3) exposure produces inflammation in the airways of humans and animal models [18].
• Second, are physiological responses to O3 administered through a bronchoscope localized to the challenged region [29]?
• METHOD: Ozone therapy was achieved by intravesical instillation of ozonized bi-distilled water over a period of 30 minutes, three sessions per week during the first weeks [30].

References