Disease relevance of Bronchoscopes

• RP was increased by either hypocapnia (0% CO2 through the bronchoscope for 3 min) or by aerosolized acetylcholine (30 to 60 micrograms/ml for 1 to 3 min), in the presence or absence of nitric oxide [1].
• In view of recent reports of contamination of the fibreoptic bronchoscope by tuberculous and non-tuberculous mycobacteria, we evaluated the disinfecting properties of aqueous glutaraldehyde (Cidex) and an iodophor (Prepodyne) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M gordonae [2].
• Before being cleaned the seven bronchoscopes tested by polymerase chain reaction were contaminated with the human immunodeficiency virus, though infectivity and antigen assays gave negative results [3].
• Fourteen patients with malignant airway obstruction have had 21 placements of a flexible nylon catheter for afterloading Iridium-192 using the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope [4].
• Intratumoral administration of cisplatin through a bronchoscope followed by irradiation for treatment of inoperable non-small cell obstructive lung cancer [5].

High impact information on Bronchoscopes

• To evaluate the effects of LTB4 in the normal human lung, we instilled LTB4 (5 X 10(-7)M, 10 ml) into a subsegment of the right middle lobe and 0.9% NaCl (10 ml) into a subsegment of the lingula using a fiberoptic bronchoscope in 12 healthy human volunteers [6].
• A bronchoscope was used in anesthetized dogs to record peripheral airway resistance (Rp); to test airway reactivity to NK A (NKA), substance P, and hypertonic saline; and to examine HIB before and after combined treatment with NK-1 (CP 99,994) and NK-2 (SR 48,968) receptor antagonists [7].
• An endoscopic washing pipe (Olympus) that can be inserted into the channel of a bronchoscope was used [8].
• With a constant flow of gas (5% CO2 in air) through one lumen of the catheter, pressure at the tip of the bronchoscope was measured with the subject breath-holding at FRC [9].
• Peripheral airways resistance (Rp) was measured at baseline and after saline, histamine (10, 50, 100 mg/ml) and isoproterenol (2 mg/ml) challenge through the bronchoscope [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Bronchoscopes

• Measurements of Rcoll were made with either 5 or 10% CO2 and with air (hypocapnia) in 29 anesthetized sheep, ages 6 mo to 10 yr, with the wedged bronchoscope technique [10].
• We used a wedged bronchoscope technique in conjunction with an in situ isolated perfused left lower lobe preparation in anesthetized dogs to examine cold-associated airway modulation of peripheral lung responses to dry airflow, hypocapnia, and aerosols of histamine and hypertonic NaCl [11].
• Nineteen patients with cancer involving the tracheobronchial tree (a total of 20 carcinomas) have completed at least one course of hematoporphyrin derivative phototherapy administered via the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope [12].
• PURPOSE: We report the use of an ultrathin fibreoptic bronchoscope (Olympus N20: external diameter: 2.2 mm) as the means of airway endoscopic monitoring during anaesthesia for the excision of mediastinal bronchogenic cysts in two young children [13].
• A Teflon catheter was passed through a flexible bronchoscope and Super Glue (butyl or methyl methacrylate) was deposited into the fistula [14].

Biological context of Bronchoscopes

• Bronchoconstriction was elicited with methacholine (0.5 microg/kg + 5.0 microg. kg(-1). min(-1)) and assessed as percentage of changes in the bronchial cross-sectional area (BCA; basal = 100%) monitored by bronchoscope [15].
• To assess efficacy of nebulized lidocaine as a topical anesthetic, changes in heart rate and blood pressure were recorded, and the bronchoscopist (who did not know the lidocaine dose used) rated the ease of passage of the bronchoscope through nose, vocal cords, trachea, bronchi, and all sites overall, and the degree of cough [16].
• Comparison of a solution of super-oxidized water (Sterilox) with glutaraldehyde for the disinfection of bronchoscopes, contaminated [17].
• These precautions consisted of giving topical lidocaine by inhalation rather than by bolus injection, and passing the bronchoscope used for BAL through a previously inserted endotracheal tube [18].
• However, in contrast to the control group, patients who had received lidocaine had no significant rise in blood pressure and heart rate from baseline following the introduction of the rigid bronchoscope [19].

Anatomical context of Bronchoscopes

• METHODS: The TMV was measured in seven healthy female sheep by radiographically tracking the motion of small discs of tantalum inserted into the trachea through a bronchoscope [20].
• Anaesthesia of the mucosa, tested by passing a bronchoscope through the nose to the oropharynx was best with lignocaine spray or gel [21].
• (99m)Tc-DTPA (6-10 microl) was delivered by a microspray nozzle inserted through a bronchoscope to a fourth-generation bronchus both before and 1 h after bradykinin (20 ml; 10(-6) M) had been infused through a cannulated and perfused bronchial artery [22].
• The thin calibre and manoeuvrability of the flexible fibreoptic bronchoscope makes fibreoptic intubation an excellent technique of airway management in cicatricial membranes of the pharynx [23].
• The present study has investigated ultrastructural localization of anionic sites on the luminal surface of the alveolar epithelium of goat lung by direct airway instillation of cationized ferritin (CF) in the cranial lobe of the right lung through a bronchoscope [24].

Associations of Bronchoscopes with chemical compounds

• To determine directly, the histamine responsiveness of the smallest airways, eight normal and 11 asymptomatic asthmatic subjects were studied utilizing a wedged bronchoscope technique [9].
• Subjects then received saline, followed by increasing doses of bradykinin, aerosolized through the bronchoscope [25].
• Endobronchial allergen challenge (individual doses) and BAL (volume, 2 x 25 ml) were performed in a lobe bronchus through a fiberoptic bronchoscope (recovery, 30%) [26].
• Patients were randomised to receive either 100 mg lignocaine by a single cricothyroid puncture or 240 mg lignocaine instilled through the bronchoscope under direct vision [27].
• Iotrolan appears to be suitable for bronchography by fibreoptic bronchoscope and to be well tolerated [28].

Gene context of Bronchoscopes

• Sterilized bronchoscopes were flushed with sterile saline, and the collected eluate was submitted for PCR amplification of IS6110 sequences and exon 8 of the human p53 gene [29].
• All BAL samples tested contained detectable endotoxin as did all saline aliquots instilled through bronchoscopes [30].
• Lavage limited to an isolated lobe was performed on multiple occasions using a cuffed fiberoptic bronchoscope in a patient with alveolar proteinosis [31].
• BAL was obtained by sequential instillation and aspiration of 5 to 25 mL aliquots of sterile saline solution through a bronchoscope wedged in a radiographically involved subsegment [32].
• A manoeuvre for using the flexible fibreoptic bronchoscope through the Intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Bronchoscopes

• MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six wild-type cats underwent bronchoscopic lavage with a PFC (perfluorohexane), with the bronchoscope wedged in the feline equivalent of the right lower lobe [34].
• Bronchopulmonary lavage with a fiberoptic bronchoscope was performed on a patient with alveolar proteinosis and only one lung [35].
• Under CT scan and radiographic fluoroscopy, a catheter was inserted to the planned site via the bronchoscope, and barium sulfate suspension was instilled for marking [36].
• After presensitization with IV hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD), neoplasms in the tracheobronchial tree of 18 patients were treated by photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 630-nm light from a tunable dye argon laser system delivered through quartz fibers passed through the biopsy channel of a flexible bronchoscope under local anesthesia [37].
• We studied the change in the distance from the tip of the endotracheal tube (ETT) to the carina with a fiberoptic bronchoscope in 30 patients aged 21-40 yr who were undergoing laparoscopic tubal ligation (n = 28) or hysterectomy (n = 2) [38].

References