Disease relevance of Diet, Sodium-Restricted

• Converting-enzyme inhibition, whether teprotide, captopril, or enalapril is used, produces a larger increase in renal blood flow in patients with essential hypertension than in normal subjects when they are on a low-salt diet, a quantitative difference [1].
• In this study, plasma ANP (pANP) and renal function were evaluated during stepwise infusion of low ANP doses (2, 4, 8, and 16 ng/kg per min) in glomerulonephritic patients with (CRF) or without (GN) moderate renal failure, and in normal subjects (NOR), kept at low-sodium diet (LSD; 35 mEq NaCl/day) [2].
• This responsiveness to ACTH in the patients with primary hyperaldosteronism was similar to that of the normal subjects on a low sodium diet [3].
• The indomethacin-induced hyporeninism and hypoaldosteronism were more pronounced when the subjects were receiving a sodium-restricted diet [4].
• Both assays gave almost identical results in normal subjects whereas in three different conditions characterized by a high renin level (severe hypertension plus low sodium diet, converting enzyme inhibition, and adrenal insufficiency) higher results were obtained by the direct assay [5].

High impact information on Diet, Sodium-Restricted

• The influence of oral potassium chloride on blood pressure in hypertensive men on a low-sodium diet [6].
• The low-sodium diet alone also reduced the excretion of lysine, arginine, and ornithine [7].
• Oral chlorthalidone plus a low salt diet appears to be an effective alternative to vitamin D in the maintenance therapy of at least some patients with hypoparathyroidism [8].
• HEK/EP1 [Ca2+]i responses were observed mainly in preparations from rabbits on a low-salt diet and were completely inhibited by either a selective COX-2 inhibitor or an EP1 antagonist, and also by 100 microM luminal furosemide [9].
• Also, 20-mM graduated reductions in [NaCl]L between 80 and 0 mM caused step-by-step increases in HEK/EP1 [Ca2+]i. Low-salt diet greatly increased the expression of both COX-2 and microsome-associated PGE synthase (mPGES) in the MD [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Diet, Sodium-Restricted

• In order to evaluate the relationship between aldosterone status and the blood pressure-lowering effect of spironolactone, 38 patients with essential hypertension were treated with spironolactone (400 mg/day) during one week in hospital on a rigidly sodium-restricted diet [10].
• Patients with normal- or high-renin non-modulating essential hypertension fail to shift their adrenal sensitivity on a low sodium diet in response to an infusion of angiotensin II (Ang II) [11].
• After 4 to 8 weeks, phenylephrine-treated rats on a high salt diet developed marked hypertension, which was in contrast with phenylephrine-treated rats placed on a low salt diet or vehicle-treated rats given a high salt diet [12].
• In Ménière's disease treatment strategies range from low-salt diet, diuretics, and betahistine, to intratympanic injection of corticosteroids or gentamicin [13].
• We assessed 5 patients with recurrent cystine urolithiasis before and after implementation of a low sodium diet [14].

Biological context of Diet, Sodium-Restricted

• Feeding of a low-salt diet to rats for 2 wk resulted in marked up regulation of the glomerular ANP receptor density to a mean of 426 fmol/mg protein, compared with 116 fmol/mg in rats given a high-salt diet [15].
• Patients in both studies received a low-sodium diet MEASUREMENTS: Glomerular filtration rate, creatinine clearance, and urinary and serum sodium and potassium values [16].
• When they were fed a low-sodium diet, however, maximal isoproterenol-mediated vasodilation in the elderly was increased significantly [17].
• After a low sodium diet, this renal vasoconstrictor response to saline infusion in SOHT was not present, and renal vascular resistance fell to levels not different from SONT [18].
• During the low sodium diet, alpha hANP was still diuretic and induced comparable magnesium excretion, but the natriuresis was only 11% of that during the high salt diet [19].

Anatomical context of Diet, Sodium-Restricted

• Rat liver angiotensinogen cDNA (pRang 3) and mouse renin cDNA (pDD-1D2) were used to identify angiotensinogen and renin mRNA sequences in rat kidney cortex and medulla in rats on high and low salt diet [20].
• Activation of the aldosterone system by a low sodium diet up-regulated the expression of PKG II, however, it did not change PKG I expression in adrenal cortex [21].
• In the adrenal gland, in which the AT1B receptor is predominant, low salt diet led to a transient increase in the expression of this receptor gene, with a maximum around day 10 of feeding [22].
• In rats consuming a low sodium diet, renal cortical interstitial fluid kinin and cortical and medullary PGE2 and cGMP appearance rates were significantly increased (P < .01) [23].
• Erythrocytes from the rats on the low-sodium diet had significantly (P less than 0.025) lower intracellular sodium (3.9 +/- 0.4 mmol/l) while cells from the rats given nitrendipine had significantly (P less than 0.005) higher intracellular sodium (13.3 +/- 0.8 mmol/l) than those from the rats on a high-salt diet (7.4 +/- 1.4 mmol/l) [24].

Associations of Diet, Sodium-Restricted with chemical compounds

• The time course of sodium regulation of glomerular angiotensin II receptors was studied in rats switched from a moderate sodium to either a high sodium diet or a low sodium diet plus furosemide [25].
• Rabbits were treated with either angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or a low salt diet to modulate endogenous Ang II levels [26].
• Superfused ZG cells from rats on a low sodium diet secreted 1.85 +/- 0.58-fold more Ang II than cells from sodium-loaded rats (p < 0.05, n = 6) [27].
• Renal renin mRNA levels both under stimulatory (low-salt diet plus ramipril) and inhibitory (high-salt diet) conditions were not different between wild-type and cGKI-/- mice, but were significantly elevated in cGKII-/- mice under all experimental conditions [28].
• A low sodium diet significantly increased beta-receptor-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in hypertensives (low sodium, 51 +/- 7%; high sodium, 24 +/- 5%, P less than 0.025) to a level not different than that of normotensives (46 +/- 5%) [29].

Gene context of Diet, Sodium-Restricted

• Effect of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition on renal function in elderly persons receiving a low-salt diet. A randomized, controlled trial [16].
• In all of the organs examined, with the exception of the adrenal glands, low salt diet led to a transient decrease in the abundance of AT1A receptor mRNA but not of AT1B mRNA, which reached their nadirs between days 5 and 10 of feeding [22].
• Experimental maneuvers such as low-salt diet, treatment with loop diuretics or angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitors clearly increased renin mRNA abundance up to sevenfold, but under none of these conditions renocortical Cox-2 mRNA levels were significantly changed [30].
• The ANP-/- mice had significant LV cardiomyocyte hypertrophy when fed either basal or low-salt diets [31].
• Rats were fed a normal diet, low salt diet or low salt diet combined with captopril and half of them were treated with the neuronal NOS inhibitor, 7-NI, and half with vehicle [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Diet, Sodium-Restricted

• We have examined the effect of the non-pressor (V2) synthetic vasopressin analogue 1-deamino-8-D-arginine (desmopressin) on renal and ileal sodium and water excretion in ileostomy patients during acute adaptation to a low sodium diet [33].
• Plasma renin concentration and concurrent daily sodium excretion were determined in 33 healthy normotensive subjects (control group) ingesting high, normal and low sodium diets [34].
• For our in vivo model, we studied young and healthy human volunteers, for the most part white and male; when these subjects achieved balance on a low salt diet to activate the renin system, the response of renal perfusion to pharmacological interruption of the renin system was studied [35].
• Six healthy male volunteers received, in a randomized crossover design, a low-sodium diet for days 1 through 9 with or without 25 mg rofecoxib twice daily on days 5 through 9 and, in addition, 20 mg of furosemide intravenously on day 8 [36].
• By use of Northern blot analysis, renal mRNA levels for the AT1 and AT1A receptors in rats fed a low-sodium diet were found to be increased twofold (P < .05) compared with control [37].

References