Disease relevance of Sclerotherapy

• CONCLUSIONS: As compared with sclerotherapy, nadolol plus isosorbide mononitrate significantly decreased the risk of rebleeding from esophageal varices [1].
• The present study was aimed at comparing the efficacy of endoscopic sclerotherapy and long-term administration of propranolol in the prevention of rebleeding and long-term survival in patients who had bled from varices [2].
• BACKGROUND & AIMS: Despite urgent sclerotherapy, active variceal hemorrhage has a 70%-90% mortality rate in patients with advanced age, sepsis, renal or pulmonary compromise, tense ascites, or deep coma [3].
• BACKGROUND & AIMS: In patients with cirrhosis of the liver, after the first variceal bleeding episode, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunting (TIPS) and endoscopic sclerotherapy plus propranolol (ES) were compared regarding prevention of variceal rebleeding and mortality [4].
• Sclerotherapy versus propranolol after first variceal haemorrhage in alcoholic cirrhosis [5].

High impact information on Sclerotherapy

• We compared the efficacy and safety of endoscopic sclerotherapy with the efficacy and safety of nadolol plus isosorbide mononitrate for the prevention of variceal rebleeding [1].
• Nadolol plus isosorbide mononitrate compared with sclerotherapy for the prevention of variceal rebleeding [1].
• Sclerotherapy with or without octreotide for acute variceal bleeding [6].
• Local sclerotherapy with tetracycline hydrochloride or bleomycin sulfate is also effective and associated with low morbidity [7].
• At present, we recommend use of endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy for the control of active variceal bleeding, with employment of balloon tamponade and intravenous vasopressin if sclerotherapy is successful [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Sclerotherapy

• METHODS: MEDLINE (1968-2002), EMBASE (1986-2002), and the Cochrane Library (2002;4) were searched to retrieve randomized controlled trials comparing sclerotherapy with vasopressin (+/- nitroglycerin), terlipressin, somatostatin, or octreotide for variceal bleeding in cirrhosis [9].
• Balloon endoscopic sclerotherapy, a novel treatment for high-risk gastric fundal varices: a pilot study [10].
• In a prospective, randomized clinical trial, immediate injection sclerotherapy was compared with treatment by a combined infusion of vasopressin (0.4 unit per min) and nitroglycerin (40 to 400 micrograms per min) in 50 consecutive patients with 64 episodes of endoscopy-proven variceal hemorrhage [11].
• Sucralfate for the prevention of early rebleeding following injection sclerotherapy for esophageal varices [12].
• Omeprazole as adjuvant therapy to endoscopic combination injection sclerotherapy for treating bleeding peptic ulcer [13].

Biological context of Sclerotherapy

• Because of its ability to decrease portal pressure, azygos blood flow, and postprandial splanchnic hyperemia, octreotide administration could be effective in reducing early rebleeding in patients undergoing endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy (EVS) [14].
• Oral metoprolol, in a dose sufficient to reduce resting pulse rate by 25%, was compared with repeated injection sclerotherapy for the long term management of variceal bleeding [15].
• Hemostasis was finally achieved by endoscopic injection sclerotherapy with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate [16].
• CONCLUSIONS: Sclerotherapy for hydrocele with phenol is as efficacious as hydrocelectomy, while causing less morbidity and similar effects on spermatogenesis [17].
• This technique has the potential for the diagnosis of varicose veins with a diameter of 0.5-2 mm at a depth of 1-3 mm, guidance of venous access, podiatry, phlebotomy, injection sclerotherapy, and control of laser interstitial therapy [18].

Anatomical context of Sclerotherapy

• Hemorrhagic thyroid cysts can usually be cured by repeated tetracycline or minocycline sclerotherapy with tolerable side effects [19].
• However, patients in the propranolol group had significantly more variceal rebleeding from the esophagus (n = 21) than did those in the sclerotherapy group (n = 9) [20].
• Acute portal vein thrombosis, sclerotherapy, and vasopressin: relationships and implications [21].
• Of the recurrent lymph collections 27 were treated with repeated aspiration, tetracycline sclerotherapy or an operation (10 were treated with marsupialization into the peritoneal cavity) [22].
• Sclerotherapy of the human gallbladder using ethanol and tetracycline hydrochloride [23].

Associations of Sclerotherapy with chemical compounds

• Propranolol versus sclerotherapy in preventing variceal rebleeding: a randomized controlled trial [2].
• Omeprazole in the management of intractable esophageal ulceration following injection sclerotherapy [24].
• Bleomycin sclerotherapy for bilateral pneumothoraces in a patient with AIDS [25].
• We determined quantitatively the amount of sodium morrhuate that reaches the pulmonary vascular bed during endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy to ascertain whether this affects the diffusing capacity of the lung to carbon monoxide (DLCO) [26].
• Sclerotherapy was performed weekly with 1% polidocanol, and variceal obliteration was obtained in 83% of cases, in a mean number of four sessions [27].

Gene context of Sclerotherapy

• Reversible ischaemic neurological deficit after sclerotherapy of varicose veins [28].
• Early administration of somatostatin and efficacy of sclerotherapy in acute oesophageal variceal bleeds: the European Acute Bleeding Oesophageal Variceal Episodes (ABOVE) randomised trial [29].
• BACKGROUND--Endoscopic sclerotherapy (EST) is an established method for controlling and preventing bleeding from oesophageal varices [30].
• During a 3-year period (June 1981-July 1984), 70 patients who presented with an endoscopically proven variceal bleed were randomized to receive either fiberoptic injection sclerotherapy (FIS, 36 patients) or a rigid scope technique (RIS, 34 patients), using ethanolamine oleate as the sclerosing agent [31].
• Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy vs. endoscopic variceal ligation in arresting acute variceal bleeding for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Sclerotherapy

• Endoscopic treatment consisted of sclerotherapy and/or banding ligation and was combined with propranolol medication [33].
• In addition, intravenous bolus doses of somatostatin (250 micrograms) or placebo were injected after the start of the infusion, before emergency endoscopy or sclerotherapy, and when active bleeding was observed [29].
• Propranolol precipitated encephalopathy in one patient and complicated resuscitation following bleeding in a second, and as there was no evidence in this study that use of the drug reduced the frequency or severity of the variceal bleeding, its administration cannot be recommended during the period prior to obliteration of varices by sclerotherapy [34].
• Consecutive treatments including sucralfate, prostaglandin E2, propranolol, organic nitrates, pentoxyphilline, corticosteroids, endoscopic sclerotherapy, portosystemic shunt, total gastrectomy, proved ineffective [35].
• METHODS: Mesenteric vessels were randomised to treatment with injection sclerotherapy (adrenaline and ethanolamine), bipolar diathermy, or mechanical methods (band, clips, sewing machine, endoloops) [36].

References