Disease relevance of Pavulon

• Neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Successful treatment with pancuronium [1].
• Hypotension associated with pancuronium use in the newborn [2].
• Vecuronium and pancuronium have been associated with this syndrome, but few cases of atracurium-associated prolonged paresis have heretofore been reported [3].
• Complete ophthalmoplegia as a complication of acute corticosteroid- and pancuronium-associated myopathy [4].
• Pancuronium was shown to be subject to considerable tubular reabsorption, and its elimination was found to be increased during hypothermia [5].

Psychiatry related information on Pavulon

• It seems that both scores were influenced by post-insult stress, as indicated by paroxysmal hypertension and motor activity, by complications, such as obstruction of the tracheotomy cannula by abundant sputum production, and by partial sedation with N2O and paralysis with pancuronium [6].
• Who--and how--to kill are focus of US death penalty cases. Questions about prisoners' mental competence and use of pancuronium bromide ignite recent controversy [7].

High impact information on Pavulon

• Following complete neuromuscular blockade with pancuronium, artificial respiration with increasing tidal volumes resulted in increasing oscillations in pressure [8].
• Pancuronium during mechanical ventilation speeds recovery of lungs of infants with hyaline membrane disease [9].
• The use of pancuronium bromide during surgery led to the appreciation that it has advantages over drugs previously used for muscle relaxation [10].
• We injected pancuronium intravenously to paralyze the diaphragm and intercostal muscles [11].
• These discharges were not affected by peripheral nerve section or by pancuronium bromide, a neuromuscular synapse inhibitor [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of Pavulon

• We report acute complete external ophthalmoplegia and severe myopathy in a patient treated with high doses of IV methylprednisolone and pancuronium [4].
• Paralysis with pancuronium or vecuronium has been associated with critical illness polyneuropathy and is used only as a last resort [13].
• This study was performed to compare the incidence of prebypass myocardial ischemia in patients receiving fentanyl and enflurane for anesthesia along with either pancuronium or vecuronium [14].
• 3 For pancuronium and gallamine there was a range of concentrations below those producing ganglion blockade at which the response of the vas deferens to hypogastric nerve stimulation was augmented [15].
• The neostigmine-induced bradycardia was blocked by systemic atropine (ED50, 0.005 +/- 0.001 mg/kg), pancuronium bromide (ED50, 0.033 +/- 0.021 mg/kg), pirenzepine (ED50, 74.7 +/- 7.9 micrograms/kg), hexamethonium (ED50, 8.3 +/- 1.6 mg/kg) and d-tubocurarine (ED50, 8.6 +/- 3.0 micrograms/kg) [16].

Biological context of Pavulon

• Previously, we reported the kinetics of inhibition (in the absence of acetylcholine) by (+)-tubocurarine and pancuronium on embryonic receptors [17].
• Curves of pancuronium competition for [3H]QNB binding were shallow, consistent with two binding sites for pancuronium, with approximately 20% having low affinity [18].
• However, the rate constant of dissociation l is independent of internal concentration of pancuronium but decreases with increasing the membrane potential [19].
• Pancuronium is frequently used in coronary artery surgery, but its pharmacokinetics in these patients are still unknown [5].
• The axial displacements of the ribs and the changes in airway opening pressure (DeltaP(ao)) were measured in anaesthetized, pancuronium-treated, supine dogs while loads were applied in the cranial direction to individual rib pairs at functional residual capacity (FRC) and after passive inflation to 10 and 20 cm H(2)O transrespiratory pressure [20].

Anatomical context of Pavulon

• We postulate that the physiologic improvement following low-dose pancuronium results from blockade of acetylcholine receptors, especially those located on the terminal axon responsible for antidromic backfiring [21].
• Kinetic analysis of pancuronium interaction with sodium channels in squid axon membranes [19].
• All included subjects' basophils were tested in the BASIC assay with at least 4 MR: suxamethonium, gallamine, vecuronium, and pancuronium [22].
• Treatment of TE671 or PC12 cells with the nicotinic antagonist pancuronium or alcuronium alone had no effect on levels of expression of functional nAChRs [23].
• However, the drug did significantly potentiate the 50% twitch depression of the gastrocnemius muscle produced by a constant iv infusion of either pancuronium (n = 5) or succinylcholine (n = 5) to 36 +/- 6% and 45 +/- 1% of control, respectively [24].

Associations of Pavulon with other chemical compounds

• Heterogeneity of binding sites on cardiac muscarinic receptors induced by the neuromuscular blocking agents gallamine and pancuronium [18].
• The relative potencies and time courses of block by the agents (pancuronium [PC], octylguanidinium [C8G], QX-314, and 9-aminoacridine [9-AA]) were compared in different intracellular ionic solutions; specifically, the influences of internal Cs, tetramethylammonium (TMA), and Na ions on block were examined [25].
• RESULTS: Pupillary size, reflex amplitude, and constriction velocity were not altered by the presence of either vecuronium or pancuronium [26].
• By far the most active compounds (apart from apamin) were the neuromuscular blocking agents; tubocurarine, pancuronium and atracurium (KI = 7.5, 6.8 and 4.5 microM respectively) [27].
• 2. Computer-generated broad-band mechanical ventilation (0-3 Hz) was applied to Sprague-Dawley rats that had been anaesthetized with ketamine and paralysed with pancuronium [28].

Gene context of Pavulon

• The depolarization component that is resistant to alphaCTxGI was antagonized by pancuronium (3-10 microM) and by a 4-oxystilbene derivative (F3, 0.1-0.5 microM) at concentrations considered highly specific for alpha7* nAChRs [29].
• For sake of comparison the protein binding and the interaction of tubocurarine and pancuronium with AChE and BuChE were observed also [30].
• We conclude that the use of perioperative TOF monitoring decreases the incidence of pancuronium-induced PORC [31].
• We investigated the effect of AT1 receptor blockade in the NTS on the response to stimulation of HDA in anaesthetised rats treated with the neuromuscular blocking agent pancuronium bromide [32].
• The site recognized by B mAbs binds alpha-BuTx with a forward rate constant of 9.3 X 10(5) M-1 s-1, dTC with a KD of (4.6 +/- 0.3) X 10(-6) M, and pancuronium with a KD of (9.3 +/- 0.8) X 10(-6) M [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Pavulon

• Preterm infants who were making expiratory efforts against ventilator inflation were randomised to be paralysed with pancuronium or to receive no paralysing agent during ventilation [34].
• Following the intravenous injection of single small doses of pancuronium, marked improvement in these abnormalities occurred and persisted for several hours [21].
• Pancuronium induces inactivation after the sodium inactivation has been removed by internal perfusion of pronase [19].
• Therefore, the pharmacokinetics of a bolus dose of pancuronium were studied in 2 groups of coronary artery surgery patients, with and without dopamine 2 micrograms/kg/min, administered during and after cardiopulmonary bypass [5].
• The clearance of pancuronium is increased by 27% during caesarean section [35].

References