Disease relevance of Muscle Relaxation

• The aim of this study was to investigate the muscle relaxation of human gallbladders with cholesterol or black pigment gallstones [1].
• In rats, ocinaplon produces significant muscle relaxation, ataxia, and sedation only at doses >25-fold higher than the minimum effective dose (3.1 mg/kg) in the Vogel "conflict" test [2].
• Many practitioners have thus chosen to use atracurium instead of longer-acting neuromuscular blockers when muscle relaxation is required in the supportive management of critically ill patients [3].
• At doses up to 100 mg/kg po, the 5'-phosphate 16, cyclic 3',5'-phosphate 17, and the O-methylated analogue 2-methoxyadenosine 18 were active in producing muscle relaxation and hypothermia [4].
• In rhesus monkeys, like PCP, MK-801 produced 1) ketamine-like discriminative stimulus effects, 2) positive reinforcing effects and 3) ketamine-like anesthetic effects (i.e., anesthesia without eye closure and without respiratory depression, but with profuse salivation and with some muscle relaxation) [5].

Psychiatry related information on Muscle Relaxation

• 4. The antagonism of strychnine seizures by MDL 27,531 occurred at doses that did not produce signs of sedation (suppression of spontaneous motor activity), motor ataxia (disruption of rotarod performance), muscle relaxation (inhibition of morphine-induced Straub tail), or CNS depression (potentiation of hexobarbitone sleep time) [6].
• The intervention chosen was Progressive Muscle Relaxation with Guided Imagery, which is intended to decrease psychological distress and increase the patient's sense of internal control [7].
• Properties of benzodiazepine include sedation, anxiolysis, amnesia, anticonvulsion, and muscle relaxation [8].
• The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a combination of health education, muscle relaxation, and back massage on reducing physical and psychologic stress in HCC patients receiving TAE [9].

High impact information on Muscle Relaxation

• Endothelium-dependent relaxation was also impaired, as evidenced by a lower degree of muscle relaxation after the administration of acetylcholine in the tissue from diabetic men (n = 16) than in that from nondiabetic men (n = 22; P = 0.001) [10].
• Stimulation of intestinal or anococcygeal nerves liberates NO, and the resultant muscle relaxation is blocked by arginine derivatives that inhibit NO synthesis [11].
• The calcium-dependent potassium channel blocker apamin inhibits both the neurotensin- and nerve stimulation-induced muscle relaxation [12].
• Becker syndrome, a recessive nondystrophic myotonia caused by mutations in the chloride channel 1 gene (CLCN1), is characterized by delayed muscle relaxation after contraction [13].
• The use of pancuronium bromide during surgery led to the appreciation that it has advantages over drugs previously used for muscle relaxation [14].

Chemical compound and disease context of Muscle Relaxation

• Vecuronium for muscle relaxation in patients with myasthenia gravis [15].
• However, the relative magnitude of the effects differed, with zolpidem producing less hypothermia and muscle relaxation than the two benzodiazepines [16].
• A decrease in severity of motor seizures was found only after 200 mg/kg progabide which, however, gave rise to marked sedation and muscle relaxation [17].
• Rocuronium for muscle relaxation in two children with Friedreich's ataxia [18].
• We report successful sedation, muscle relaxation, and analgesia of a multiple trauma patient with fentanyl IV bolus and continuous infusion in the ED [19].

Biological context of Muscle Relaxation

• We conclude that mechanical ventilation with muscle relaxation reduces VO2 by more than 20%; beyond stabilizing pulmonary gas exchange, these interventions preserve limited O2 delivery (QO2) for other vital organs [20].
• But only beta(1)-AR stimulation increases the phosphorylation of phospholamban, troponin-I, and C-protein, causing accelerated muscle relaxation and reduced myofilament sensitivity to Ca(2+). beta(2)-AR stimulation does not affect any of these intracellular proteins [21].
• Norepinephrine (NE) or carbachol did not modify membrane potential of the smooth muscle cells in either muscle tissue, yet these agents evoked muscle relaxation or contraction, respectively; in the sphincter muscle [22].
• The rank order of potency by which PGs stimulate adenylate cyclase was similar to that observed for muscle relaxation, suggesting that cAMP is the cellular second messenger for the PG-induced muscle relaxation and thus that PG receptors of EP2 and DP type are involved [23].
• Additionally, the MMs and 5-HT increased muscle relaxation rate, decreased contraction latency, and decreased the rate at which tension was developed during motor neuron-elicited muscle contractions [24].

Anatomical context of Muscle Relaxation

• To investigate the roles of cross-bridge dissociation and cross-bridge-induced thin filament activation in the time course of muscle relaxation, we initiated force relaxation in single myofibrils from skeletal muscles by rapidly (approximately 10 ms) switching from high to low [Ca(2+)] solutions [25].
• Infants greater than 1 month of age and all older children were anesthetized with desflurane in 100% oxygen, and their tracheas were intubated without muscle relaxation [26].
• Before the onset of CFAV (total flow 1.01 X kg-1 X min-1, the animals were paralyzed with pancuronium bromide and muscle relaxation was monitored with a peripheral nerve stimulator [27].
• Nitric oxide has been proposed as an inhibitory transmitter molecule that plays a role in muscle relaxation and vasodilation in the gastrointestinal tract [28].
• A series of related purines which were resistant to the action of adenosine deaminase were also tested for their effect on the nerve-mediated contractions of guinea-pig ileum and the results compared with the in vivo effect on muscle relaxation in mice [29].

Associations of Muscle Relaxation with chemical compounds

• In view of the widespread use of succinylcholine to induce muscle relaxation prior to ECT, it is important that the individual who administers succinylcholine in this setting be familiar with the syndrome and its treatment [30].
• Muscle relaxation by cells was reduced by 200 nM oxyhaemoglobin and 10 microM methylene blue but was increased by 60 units/ml superoxide dismutase [31].
• Muscle relaxation was inhibited by preincubation of cells with NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (100 microM/l) but not by preincubation with NG-monomethyl-D-arginine (100 microM/l) [31].
• Such biphasic responses have been reliably reported in multiple experimental settings that explored a broad range of responses, including aggressive behavior, cardiovascular functioning, muscle relaxation, and interactions with other receptor systems such as adrenergic interaction as well as with neurotransmitters such as NMDA [32].
• Acetylcholine and nitroprusside were used to determine whether vascular muscle relaxation to endothelium-derived relaxing factor or cyclic GMP is impaired [33].

Gene context of Muscle Relaxation

• Furthermore, the prolongation of muscle relaxation appeared to correlate with the levels of phospholamban expressed in two transgenic mouse lines [34].
• Activation of CGRP receptors (subtypes 1 or 2) usually induces vasodilation and/or muscle relaxation, but its effects in dog and on gastroduodenal motility are still unclear [35].
• These observations suggest that in cardiac and slow-twitch skeletal muscle direct phosphorylation of the SR Ca(2+)-ATPase by the membrane-bound CaM kinase may serve to stimulate Ca2+ sequestration and therefore, the speed of muscle relaxation [36].
• Alterations in phospholamban expression may define parameters of muscle relaxation [37].
• Stimulation of the EP4 receptor activates adenylate cyclase, which should induce ciliary muscle relaxation [38].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Muscle Relaxation

• As SERCA1 mutations in humans lead to Brody disease, an exercise-induced muscle relaxation disorder, zebrafish accordion mutants could be a useful animal model for this condition [39].
• Thirty minutes after the study began, the authors administered 5 mg/kg thiamylal and 5 microg/kg fentanyl for induction of general anesthesia and 0.3 mg/kg vecuronium for muscle relaxation [40].
• Three consecutive trials of direct laryngoscopy using the midline and left- and right-molar approaches were carried out under full muscle relaxation with optimal head and neck positioning [41].
• Alfentanil was given for analgesia and suxamethonium for muscle relaxation [42].
• Dependence of the adequacy of muscle relaxation on the degree of neuromuscular block and depth of enflurane anesthesia during abdominal surgery [43].

References