Disease relevance of Aminacrine

• Analysis of the kinetics of 9-aminoacridine binding to Salmonella phage P22 particles revealed the formation of two binding species, one of which appeared more rapidly and was apparently an intermediate in the formation of the second [1].
• Consistent with destabilization, 9-aminoacridine stimulated the hydrolysis of correctly base paired DNA by the 3'-5' exonuclease activity of phage T4 DNA polymerase [2].
• The behavior of 9-aminoacridine as an indicator of pH differences artificially set across a membrane has been reexamined in liposomes prepared from bacterial phospholipids extracted from chromatophores of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata grown photoheterotrophically [3].
• The effect of extracellular potassium on lasalocid-catalyzed proton conductance in Streptococcus bovis 24 was measured by using the fluorescent probe 9-aminoacridine [4].
• Derivatives of 9-aminoacridine (aminacrine) exhibited phototoxicity against one or more of the test organisms, but the established photosensitizing acridines proflavine and acridine orange were photobactericidal against all strains [5].

Psychiatry related information on Aminacrine

• The 'delta pH'-probe 9-aminoacridine: response time, binding behaviour and dimerization at the membrane [6].

High impact information on Aminacrine

• Intralysosomal pH in intact neutrophils was monitored with the weakly basic fluorescent probe, 9-aminoacridine (9AA) [7].
• Among the compounds isolated were derivatives of 9-aminoacridine (9AA), including the antimalaria drug quinacrine, which strongly induced p53 function in RCC and other types of cancer cells [8].
• Liposomes reconstituted with the myelin proteolipid apoprotein transport protons, as assayed by quenching of the fluorescence of 9-aminoacridine [9].
• The first of these involves a pseudosymmetric stacking interaction between 9-aminoacridine molecules and guanine-cytosine base-pairs [10].
• 4'-(9-Acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide (m-AMSA) is a DNA intercalating 9-aminoacridine with clinical activity in adult acute leukemia. m-AMSA has been shown to produce protein-linked DNA strand breaks in mammalian cells through an interaction with the nuclear enzyme DNA topoisomerase II [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Aminacrine

• Frameshift mutagenesis of lambda prophage by 9-aminoacridine, proflavin and ICR-191 [12].
• Glucose inhibition of mutagenesis by 9-aminoacridine in Salmonella typhimurium [13].
• Ethionine, the ethyl analogue of methionine, slightly reduced the yield of reversions of the hisC3076 frameshift marker induced by 9-aminoacridine (9AA) in an excision-proficient strain of Salmonella typhimurium, but completely abolished mutagenesis by 9AA in the excision-deficient uvrB-deletion strain TA1537 [14].
• Mutagenesis and anti-mutagenesis in Salmonella: influence of ethionine and caffeine on yields of mutations induced by 2-aminopurine and 9-aminoacridine [14].
• Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii is known to prevent mutations caused by various agents such as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, 9-aminoacridine, 4-nitro-quinoline-1-oxide and by UV radiation in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells [15].

Biological context of Aminacrine

• The characteristics of the frameshift mutations induced were consistent with the interactions of 9-aminoacridine with DNA [16].
• The rate of change of membrane potential in response to changes in external pH or Mg2+ATP was estimated using the fluorescent probe 9-aminoacridine [17].
• Either respiration or ATP hydrolysis causes a red shift in the absorption spectrum of oxonol-VI indicative of a membrane potential and a decrease of the fluorescence of 9-aminoacridine indicative of a pH gradient [18].
• The ability of 9-aminoacridine to induce mutagenic lesions during DNA replication in vitro was investigated [16].
• Examination of the structure-activity relationship of seventy 4-aminoquinoline and 9-aminoacridine analogues reveals that increased activity was conferred by bulky hydrophobic substituents on positions 2 and 6 of the quinoline nucleus [19].

Anatomical context of Aminacrine

• We have examined the role of the delta pH in the latter mechanism by simultaneously monitoring the magnitude of delta pH (by 9-aminoacridine fluorescence quenching) and the rate of import of the 23-kDa photosystem II protein into isolated pea thylakoids [20].
• The electrical and chemical components of the electrochemical proton gradient of submitochondrial particles can be monitored simultaneously by continuously recording optical signals from the probes oxonol-VI and 9-aminoacridine [18].
• The transmembrane potential of isolated chromaffin granules has been measured using the permeant ions [14C]methylamine and [35S]thiocyanate, as well as the fluorescent probe, 9-aminoacridine [17].
• The electrical potential (delta psi) and proton gradient (alpha pH) across the membranes of isolated bovine chromaffin granules and ghosts were simultaneously and quantitatively measured by using the membrane-permeable dyes 3,3'dipropyl-2,2'thiadicarbocyanine (diS-C3-(5)) to measure delta psi and 9-aminoacridine or atebrin to measure delta pH [21].
• 3. The concentration of salt required to achieve half-maximal release of quenching of 9-aminoacridine fluorescence was proportional to the concentration of mitochondria in the solution and theoretical considerations show this effect to be inherent in the Gouy-Chapman theory [22].

Associations of Aminacrine with other chemical compounds

• This view was supported by (i) slow de-epoxidation of violaXanthin, which is closely related to lumenal acidification, and (ii) reduced 9-aminoacridine fluorescence quenching [23].
• A combination of the electron acceptor, ferricyanide and the DeltapH indicator, 9-aminoacridine, was used to measure simultaneously electron transport rates and DeltapH solely by changes in the fluorescence of 9-aminoacridine [24].
• 9. Under low-cation conditions, EGTA or EDTA (both 1 mM) had no effect on the Vmax. of NADH oxidation, although the removal of bivalent cations from the membrane surface by the chelators could be observed by use of 9-aminoacridine fluorescence [25].
• Rapid perfusion was used to study voltage-dependent block of NMDA receptors by 9-aminoacridine (9-AA) and by Mg2+ [26].
• Separations were performed on arrays of hollow fused-silica capillaries filled with a replaceable sieving matrix consisting of 0.8% hydroxyethyl cellulose plus 1 microM 9-aminoacridine to enhance the resolution [27].

Gene context of Aminacrine

• Frameshift mutagenesis by 9-aminoacridine and ICR191 in Escherichia coli: effects of uvrB, recA and lexA mutations and of plasmid pKM101 [28].
• A mutation in the DNA adenine methylase gene (dam) of Salmonella typhimurium decreases susceptibility to 9-aminoacridine-induced frameshift mutagenesis [29].
• The simple reversible intercalating agents isopropyl-oxazolopyridocarbazole and 9-aminoacridine have been found to induce frameshift -1 mutations at a much lower level in Salmonella typhimurium delta uvrB TA 1537 than in the uvr+ wild type TA 1977 strain [30].
• Spontaneous and 9-aminoacridine-induced frameshift mutagenesis: second-site frameshift mutation within the N-terminal region of the lacI gene of Escherichia coli [31].
• Fluorescence spectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and analytical centrifugation are applied in this work to study the interaction of the antitumor drug 9-aminoacridine (9AA) with a trypsin-like protease, guanidinobenzoatase (GB), extracted from an Erlich tumor [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Aminacrine

• The interaction of the mutagenic dye 9-aminoacridine (9AA) with the self-complementary tetranucleotide dpApGpCpT has been studied by a combination of proton NMR titrations and thermal denaturation experiments [33].
• Proton-conducting activity was monitored by fluorometry with 9-aminoacridine as an indicator of delta pH in K+-loaded liposomes suspended in a K+-free medium [34].
• Transhydrogenase purified by fast protein liquid chromatography is reconstitutively active and pumps protons as indicated by an extensive quenching of 9-aminoacridine fluorescence [35].
• The binding of 9-aminoacridine and one bis-acridine compound to double helical poly(dA).poly-(dT) and poly[d(A-T)]2 and triple helical poly(dA).[poly(dT)]2 has been investigated using linear dichroism (LD) and circular dichroism (CD) [36].
• For analysis of anionic metabolites by MALDI, 9-aminoacridine as the matrix yielded a far superior signal in comparison to alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, 2,5-dihydrobenzoic acid, 2,4,6,-trihydroxyacetophenone, and 3-hydroxypicolinic acid [37].

References