Disease relevance of Gelseminic acid

• After inoculation with Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), TOGT-inhibited plants exhibited a significant decrease in the glucoside form of scopoletin (scopolin) and a decrease in scopoletin UGT activity [1].
• Using various solvents, the partition coefficients of scopoletin between the solvent and water phases and the solvent toxicity to the cell viability were investigated [2].
• Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EC) were exposed to hypoxia for various time periods followed by reoxygenation, and production of both O2- and H2O2 by EC was measured using the cytochrome c and scopoletin methods, respectively [3].
• These findings indicate that scopoletin has the potential to inhibit thyroid function and hyperglycemia without hepatotoxicity [4].
• These pharmacological effects of Scopoletin are probably the underlying factors in the slowly developing tropical neuropathy characterised by optic atrophy, nerve deafness and ataxia endemic among populations subsisting on cassava diets such as gari [5].

High impact information on Gelseminic acid

• Hydrogen peroxide in the dialysate of granulocytes was measured directly with an assay involving an H2O2-induced decrease in the fluorescence of scopoletin catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase [6].
• Downregulation of a pathogen-responsive tobacco UDP-Glc:phenylpropanoid glucosyltransferase reduces scopoletin glucoside accumulation, enhances oxidative stress, and weakens virus resistance [1].
• Moreover, chicken polymorphonuclear leukocytes failed to oxidize scopoletin concomitant with phagocytosis in the presence of horseradish peroxidase [7].
• Very little of the O2 consumed was recovered as superoxide, measured by cytochrome c reduction, or as H2O2, measured with horseradish peroxidase and scopoletin [8].
• NADPH oxidase activation was assessed in three ways: H2O2 production using either scopoletin or dihydrorhodamine and O2- production using cytochrome c. Alterations in [Ca2+]i were measured using Fura 2-AM and fluorescence spectrophotometry [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Gelseminic acid

• Scopoletin (7-hydroxy-6-methoxy coumarin) was isolated from the leaves of Aegle marmelos and evaluated for its potential to regulate hyperthyroidism, lipid peroxidation and hyperglycemia in levo-thyroxine-induced hyperthyroid rats [4].
• Scopoletin (1.00 mg/kg, p.o.) administered daily for 7 days to levo-thyroxine-treated animals decreased the levels of serum thyroid hormones and glucose as well as hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase activity, demonstrating its potential to regulate hyperthyroidism and hyperglycemia [4].
• Biotransformation of esculetin with E. coli expressing POMT-9 generated scopoletin, isoscopoletin, and scoparone at 30.3, 21, and 31 microM respectively [10].

Biological context of Gelseminic acid

• Our results indicated that H(2)O(2) was neither necessary nor sufficient for HR cell death, PAL activation, or SA accumulation, and that extracellular H(2)O(2) was not a direct cause of intracellular scopoletin consumption [11].
• The ratio of the formation rates of these two metabolites (isoscopoletin/scopoletin; I/S ratio) is reported to mirror the contribution of several cytochrome P450 (P450) isoenzymes to the biotransformation of scoparine [12].
• High CO2 resulted in a dramatic increase of phenylpropanoids in the leaves, including the major carbon-rich compound chlorogenic acid (CGA) and the coumarins scopolin and scopoletin at both nitrogen fertilizations [13].
• However, the kinetics of the elementary steps of the reaction have never been investigated, nor has the quantitative effect of interfering substances ever been explored in detail, despite the fact that scopoletin is widely used in a peroxidase assay for H2O2 [14].
• Scopoletin also inhibits IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and degradation in cytoplasm [15].

Anatomical context of Gelseminic acid

• By an alternate measurement technique in which scopoletin and horseradish peroxidase were present in the dialysate from time zero, the mean amount of H2O2 in the dialysate reached 4.0 +/- 1.3 nmol/2.5 x 10(7) granulocytes at 20 min [6].
• Using scopoletin oxidation as a measure of the release of hydrogen peroxide, we confirmed that chondrocytes released this reactive oxygen intermediate after adherence to serum coated culture plates [16].
• Hydrogen peroxide release from human eosinophils on fibronectin: scopoletin enhances eosinophil activation [17].
• In this study we have investigated the effects of DeltaPsi(m) on ROS production by rat brain mitochondria using the fluorescent peroxidase substrates scopoletin and Amplex red [18].
• In our studies on the interaction between murine PMN and blastospores, we assayed the release of H2O2 by PMN incubated with viable or killed, unopsonized or opsonized blastospores by using two assay systems, lysis of murine erythrocytes and oxidation of scopoletin [19].

Associations of Gelseminic acid with other chemical compounds

• Scopolin and scopoletin reduction in TOGT-depleted lines resulted in a strong decrease of the blue fluorescence in cells surrounding TMV lesions and was associated with weakened resistance to infection with TMV [1].
• We used horseradish peroxidase and either scopoletin, homovanillic acid, or phenol red to measure hydrogen peroxide generated by human neutrophils [20].
• Nicotiana tabacum Togt encodes a scopoletin glucosyltransferase (UDPglucose:scopoletin O -beta-D-glucosyltrans- ferase, EC 2.4.1.128) known to act in vitro on many different substrates including the 6-methoxy-7-hydroxy- coumarin scopoletin [21].
• The UGT1A4 was selected because it glucuronidates neither entacapone nor scopoletin at significant rates [22].
• Two new diterpenes, lagaspholones A (1) and B (2), have been isolated from the methanolic extract of Euphorbia lagascae, along with the known compounds (+)-dehydrovomifoliol, scopoletin, dehydrodiconiferyl diacetate, 3-indolcarbaldehyde, and 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde [23].

Gene context of Gelseminic acid

• Recombinant UGT1A5, expressed in baculovirus-infected insect cells, exhibited very low rates of 4-methylumbelliferone and scopoletin glucuronidation, whereas 1-hydroxypyrene was a much better substrate for it [24].
• A k(cat) value of 1.9 s(-1) was calculated for the glucuronidation of scopoletin by purified UGT1A9 [25].
• Of the compounds tested, scopoletin, naringenin, and norbuprenorphine appeared to be the best xenobiotic substrates for human UGT1A3 [26].
• This observation suggests that scopoletin and scopolin biosynthesis in A. thaliana are strongly dependent on the 3'-hydroxylation of p-coumarate units catalyzed by CYP98A3 [27].
• Using scopoletin (40 nM) and 1 microM peroxidase we fluorimetrically measured 1.73 +/- 0.14 and 1.49 +/- 0.19 nmol H2O2/10(6) HMC/hr induced by IL-1 alpha (25 ng/ml) and TNF-alpha (20 ng/ml) [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Gelseminic acid

• Detergent-free extraction of insect cells expressing this mutant, UGT1A9Sol, released scopoletin glucuronidation activity into the supernatant, and subsequent ultracentrifugation did not sediment that activity [29].
• An HPLC method for the simultaneous quantitative determination of rutin and scopoletin in the aerial parts of FABIANA IMBRICATA is presented [30].
• We report here the molecular cloning of glucosyltransferases that can catalyze the glucosylation of many kinds of secondary metabolites including scopoletin [31].
• Combination of extractive solvent addition and immobilization culture for continuous production of scopoletin by tobacco cells [2].
• High performance liquid chromatography analysis of the extract from tissues of morning glory cuttings after NPF treatment showed a quicker induction of scopoletin and scopolin synthesis than that seen in the control cuttings [32].

References