Disease relevance of Pentolinium

• Hypotension and the pentolinium suppression test [1].
• Ganglion blockade with pentolinium (3 mg/kg, im) decreased MAP from 148+/- 7 to 117 +/- 3 mm Hg (P less than 0.01) and reduced PRA to 55 +/- 13 percent of the control value (P less than 0.05) after 45 minutes [2].
• The post-vagotomy tachycardia occurring with intracoronary capsaicin could be abolished by beta adrenoceptor blockade with propranolol (0.5 mg X kg-1 iv), whereas ganglionic transmission blockade with pentolinium (0.5 mg X kg-1 iv) eliminated both the tachycardia and pressor effects [3].
• Pentolinium in postoperative hypertension [4].
• Renal denervation or the administration of pentolinium, a ganglion blocking agent, (5 mg/kg i.v.) at 5 min before ischemia attenuated the ischemia/reperfusion-induced renal dysfunction and histological damage, such as proteinaceous casts in tubuli and tubular necrosis [5].

High impact information on Pentolinium

• Vasodepression produced by blocking autonomic ganglia pharmacologically with pentolinium was also more pronounced in DOCA hypertensive rats than in normotensive controls [6].
• Pre-treatment with pentolinium (5 mg/kg, i.v.) significantly attenuated the increases in mean arterial pressure (20 +/- 3 versus 8 +/- 2 mmHg, P <0.01) and heart rate (78 +/- 18 versus 7 +/- 5 beats/min, P <0.05) induced by ICV urotensin II [7].
• Noteworthy, the ganglionic blocker pentolinium administered in mice before skin sensitization with fluoroscein isothiocyanate (FITC) could increase the Th1-type response in the draining lymph nodes [8].
• Pretreatment with the beta1-adrenoceptor antagonist atenolol inhibited the tachycardia whereas the ganglion blocker pentolinium inhibited the pressor response, indicating involvement of the sympathetic nervous system [9].
• Pentolinium (7.5 mg/kg) or adrenal demedullation reduced the peak cardiac output responses in both groups such that there was no longer a difference between responders and nonresponders [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Pentolinium

• METHODS AND RESULTS: Male Wistar bioassay rats were anaesthetized with inactin, ganglion blocked with pentolinium and injected intravenously (i.v.) with human NPP (20 microl plasma equivalent) or bradykinin (100 ng/kg) [11].
• The pressor response was potentiated by i.v. pretreatment with the ganglion blocker pentolinium and blocked by i.v. pretreatment with the vasopressin antagonist dTyr(CH2)5(Me)AVP [12].
• Pretreatment with the alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine or the ganglion blocker pentolinium blocked the peak response and reversed the more sustained response into a depressor effect [13].
• The bradycardia was converted to tachycardia by prazosin, atropine, pentolinium, capsaicin and in spinal transected rats [14].
• Cardiovascular measurements were made in 12 children in whom arterial hypotension was induced with pentolinium and halothane [15].

Biological context of Pentolinium

• Measurements were made prior to induction of anesthesia; before and 10, 20, and 60 minutes after administration of pentolinium (0.3 mg/kg); 15 minutes after return of arterial blood pressure to control values [16].
• Pentolinium (7.5 mg/kg i.v.) or adrenal demedullation attenuated the peak increase in MAP by attenuating increases in mesenteric and hindquarters vascular resistance, but did not affect the sustained increase in MAP [17].
• The subsequent treatment with pentolinium did not affect milk ejection [18].
• Two mechanisms can explain the reduction in serum K+ concentration: (1) decreased hepatic glycogenolysis and (2) attenuation of the suppressive effect of adrenaline on insulin release, both effects being secondary to the ganglion-blocking property of pentolinium [19].
• Autonomic ganglion blockade with a mixture of hexamethonium and pentolinium was followed by comparable percent reductions in CO (-/- = 28+/-4, +/+ = 29+/-3), HR (-/- = 9+/-4, +/+ = 16+/-4) and SV(-/- = 21+/-4, +/+ = 15+/-6) in both genotypes [20].

Anatomical context of Pentolinium

• There was no evidence for a role for the autonomic nervous system in the hypertension, as ganglion blockade (pentolinium) had similar hemodynamic effects before and after stenosis [21].
• The use of pentolinium to prevent or control AH during surgical procedures in patients with chronic spinal cord damage is a simple alternative to spinal or general anaesthesia [22].
• Cutting the autonomic nerves to the segment failed to alter the response to cigarette smoke, but ganglion blockade with pentolinium abolished it [23].
• Electrical stimulation at C4-C7 in the spinal canal of pithed guinea-pigs injected with atropine, d-tubocurarine and pentolinium caused frequency-dependent bronchoconstriction [24].
• Measurements were made before and after ganglionic blockade with pentolinium (5 mg/kg, i.v.). Cardiac output for TPR calculations was obtained from an implanted flow probe on the ascending aorta [25].

Associations of Pentolinium with other chemical compounds

• Conscious, adult, water-deprived Brattleboro rats treated neonatally with capsaicin or vehicle showed similar hypotensive responses to sequential inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system (with captopril) and antagonism of ganglionic transmission (with pentolinium) [26].
• These cardiovascular responses to ET-3 were significantly reduced by intravenous pretreatment with pentolinium, ganglionic blocking agent, and phentolamine, alpha-blocker [27].
• METHODS: Adult male Wistar bioassay rats (n=8 to 18 per group) were anesthetized with inactin (100 mg/kg intraperitoneally), ganglion-blocked with pentolinium (19.2 mg/kg subcutaneously) and treated with captopril (2.5 mg/kg intravenously) [28].
• Blood pressure was reduced by i.v. mecamylamine or pentolinium and was increased by i.v. hypertensin [29].
• The vasopressin-mediated recovery in blood pressure seen following administration of pentolinium, in the presence of captopril, and the renin-angiotensin-mediated recovery seen following administration of pentolinium, in the presence of d(CH2)5DAVP, were both found to be significantly (P less than 0.05) attenuated in the STZ-treated animals [30].

Gene context of Pentolinium

• Sixty minutes after the administration of pentolinium, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were reduced in both groups of rats and the pressor responses to arginine vasopressin were similarly and significantly enhanced [31].
• Pentolinium in the management of autonomic hyperreflexia [32].
• Intravenous injections of the ganglionic blocker pentolinium blocked the cardiovascular and plasma catecholamine responses to i.t. injections of DiME-SP [33].
• Since PVR decreased in the face of reductions in both pulmonary arterial and left atrial pressures despite a significant increase (at 10 minutes) or no change (at 20 and 60 minutes) in pulmonary blood flow, the results suggest an active decrease in pulmonary vascular tone, presumably due to autonomic inhibition by pentolinium [34].
• However, there were differential changes in regional vascular sensitivity of NPY following administration of pentolinium and captopril, indicating that 'buffer' mechanisms were an important determinant of responses to NPY [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Pentolinium

• The hyperglyaemia in response to 2-DG was attenuated by pentolinium and by left splanchnicotomy plus right adrenalectomy [36].
• Pulmonary and systemic hemodynamic responses to administration of pentolinium (0.3 mg/kg) were studied in eight patients undergoing total hip replacement during N2O-halothane anesthesia with PaCO2 maintained at 35-40 mm Hg [34].
• The QTL on Chr 3 persisted after treatment with the three agents while the QTL on Chr 5 and Chr 1 disappeared after pentolinium administration [37].
• In the control group the arterial pressure was maintained within the patients' normal ranges, while in the study group pentolinium was administered i.v. (average 22 mg per patient) to achieve and maintain a mean arterial pressure of 50 mm Hg (+/-10 SEM) [19].
• Neither bilateral vagotomy nor ganglionic blockade with pentolinium reduced the hypotension induced by both kinins [38].

References