Disease relevance of Ganglia, Autonomic

• Effects of aldose reductase inhibitor sorbinil on neuroaxonal dystrophy and levels of myo-inositol and sorbitol in sympathetic autonomic ganglia of streptozocin-induced diabetic rats [1].
• A recombinant vaccinia virus (VV) was used to express functional Drosophila Shaker H4 K+ channels in primary cell cultures from rat heart (atrial and ventricular myocytes, fibroblasts), autonomic ganglia (SCG neurons) and CNS (hippocampal neurons, cerebral astroglia) [2].
• The hypotension was also unchanged after autonomic ganglion or angiotensin-converting-enzyme blockade [3].
• These included chronic diarrhea, malnutrition, failure to thrive, radiologic intestinal abnormalities, xylose malabsorption, abnormal liver function, and infiltration of the liver, lamina propria and autonomic ganglia by lipid-laden cells [4].

High impact information on Ganglia, Autonomic

• Autoantibodies specific for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the autonomic ganglia are potentially pathogenic and may serve as serologic markers of various forms of autoimmune autonomic neuropathy [5].
• Neuronal dopamine receptors on autonomic ganglia and sympathetic nerves and dopamine receptors in the gastrointestinal system [6].
• Substance P: a putative sensory transmitter in mammalian autonomic ganglia [7].
• Defects in sensory and autonomic ganglia and absence of locus coeruleus in mice deficient for the homeobox gene Phox2a [8].
• Expression and regulation of the neuropeptide Y Y2 receptor in sensory and autonomic ganglia [9].

Biological context of Ganglia, Autonomic

• As acetylcholine is known to be the major neurotransmitter in the autonomic ganglia and as the mechanism of synaptic transmission is well clarified13, analysis of the peptide action could be more easily but equally usefully carried out in the peripheral synapses than in central synapses [10].
• SCS-induced vasodilation was not attenuated by hexamethonium, an autonomic ganglion blocking agent, but was abolished by CGRP-(8-37), an antagonist of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor [11].
• After autonomic ganglion blockade (mecamylamine), serotonin (5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine) infusion, 3-60 micrograms/kg/min i.v., dilated the mesenteric and hindquarter beds but caused renal blood flow to fall to zero [12].
• Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was monitored, and the dogs were given hexamethonium to block autonomic ganglia [13].
• Nitric oxide release and long term potentiation at synapses in autonomic ganglia [14].

Anatomical context of Ganglia, Autonomic

• Substance P has been identified by combined immunohistochemical and radioimmunological techniques to be present in preganglionic cholinergic and sensory nerve fibers of amphibian, mammalian, and avian autonomic ganglia [15].
• In this study, in situ hybridization analyses demonstrate that BMP-specific type I (BMPR-IA and BMPR-IB) and type II (BMPR-II) receptor mRNAs are expressed at significant levels in multiple regions of the CNS, cranial ganglia, and peripheral sensory and autonomic ganglia during the embryonic and neonatal periods [16].
• Tumors of striated muscle origin, of autonomic ganglia, and of cartilage-forming tissues were CD13-negative throughout [17].
• The m1 receptor is one of five muscarinic receptors that mediate the metabotropic actions of acetylcholine in the nervous system where it is expressed predominantly in the telencephalon and autonomic ganglia [18].
• In contrast to a competitive antagonism of acetylcholine receptors reported at autonomic ganglia, there was no such action of the drug at the neuromuscular junction; thus, mecamylamine is a useful tool to characterize the nicotinic receptors from different synapses [19].

Associations of Ganglia, Autonomic with chemical compounds

• Immunohistochemical demonstration of choline acetyltransferase-immunoreactive preganglionic nerve fibers in guinea pig autonomic ganglia [20].
• Various lines of evidence suggest that the high affinity agonist-binding sites in brain correspond to nicotinic cholinergic receptors similar to those found at autonomic ganglia; BTX-binding sites may also serve as receptors for nicotine and are possibly related to neuromuscular nicotinic cholinoceptors [21].
• The ganglionic antagonist, trimethaphan, which impairs neurotransmission across parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomic ganglia, or atropine or saline was given intravenously during the first 15 min after ingestion of a standard meal (350 kcal) [22].
• Vasodepression produced by blocking autonomic ganglia pharmacologically with pentolinium was also more pronounced in DOCA hypertensive rats than in normotensive controls [23].
• Alterations in the extrinsic innervation of the alimentary tract and in various sympathetic autonomic ganglia were examined using quantitative ultrastructural and biochemical methods in streptozotocin diabetic rats maintained without treatment for 9-15 months [24].

Gene context of Ganglia, Autonomic

• Immunohistochemical staining of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded intestinal sections using anti-CYP2J2 IgG and avidin-biotin-peroxidase detection revealed that CYP2J proteins were present at high levels in nerve cells of autonomic ganglia, epithelial cells, intestinal smooth muscle cells, and vascular endothelium [25].
• The neural cells in the autonomic ganglia of the prostatic plexus were strongly positive for ER beta mRNA, but were completely devoid of ER alpha [26].
• Expression data revealed that Gfr alpha-3 is expressed during development in the adrenal medulla, sensory and autonomic ganglia and their projections, while Art is found in contiguous mesenchymal domains (especially skeleton) and in certain nerves [27].
• In vivo, expression of Phox2a in autonomic ganglia is strongly reduced in Mash1 -/- embryos [28].
• Conversely, some tumors of fibrous origin and of autonomic ganglia showed an abnormal abrogation/loss of HLA-A,B,C/beta 2m with respect to their cells of origin [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Ganglia, Autonomic

• In dogs (with blockade of autonomic ganglia by pentolinium, converting enzyme inhibition [captopril/enalaprilat], and surgical renal denervation), increasing renal perfusion pressure to 170-220 mm Hg resulted in a fall in arterial pressure by 0.32 +/- 0.03 mm Hg/min (or by 28.9 +/- 3.1 mm Hg over a 90-minute period) [30].
• Since vagotomy prevented the succinylcholine response, the site of stimulant action is not at autonomic ganglia [31].
• 1 The effects of pentamethonium, an autonomic ganglion blocker, were studied on the exocrine pancreatic secretion of six conscious dogs given intravenous infusions of urecholine, caerulein or pentagastrin on a background of submaximal doses of secretin [32].
• Using light microscopic immunohistochemistry, serotonin immunoreactivity was found in paraganglionic cells within pulmonary autonomic ganglia of fetal sheep at pseudoglandular and canalicular stages of lung development [33].
• Adrenalectomy or pretreatment with an autonomic ganglion blocker, hexamethonium, or a beta-adrenergic blocker, propranolol, also significantly attenuated the thermogenic response [34].

References