Disease relevance of Carbovir

• METHODS: A 36-year-old woman underwent a right oophorectomy with cryopreservation of ovarian cortical strips before receiving high-dose CBV chemotherapy for a third recurrence of Hodgkin's lymphoma [1].
• High-dose CBV chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow rescue proved to be effective as salvage therapy for a select group of heavily pretreated patients with relapsed Hodgkin's disease [2].
• CONCLUSIONS: The results show that WIN 54 954 is a potent antiviral agent with a highly significant effect on survival in CBV-induced myocarditis in the A/J mouse if treatment is started early [3].
• CBV for adults with aortic and mitral stenosis is investigational at the present time and should usually be performed within the guidelines of clinical investigation [4].
• Nevertheless, CBV is a most promising catheter interventional technique for patients with valvular heart disease [4].

Psychiatry related information on Carbovir

• History of CV/CBV is associated with the presence of depressive symptoms in DAT [5].

High impact information on Carbovir

• Changes in cerebral oxygen consumption (DeltaCMR(O2)/CMR(O2)) were derived from the BOLD signal (at 7T) by independent determinations in cerebral blood flow (DeltaCBF/CBF) and volume (DeltaCBV/CBV) [6].
• Under the same conditions localized changes in brain energy metabolism (DeltaCMR(O2)/CMR(O2)) were obtained from BOLD fMRI data in conjunction with measured changes in cerebral blood flow (DeltaCBF/CBF), cerebral blood volume (DeltaCBV/CBV), and transverse relaxation rates of tissue water (T(2)(*) and T(2)) by MRI methods at 7T [7].
• Inhalation of oxygen induced a significant decrease of both the total (delta LDF, -307%, p less than 0.02) and nutritional (delta CBV, -17%, p less 0.002) skin microcirculation in normal legs compared with baseline values [8].
• We performed a retrospective analysis of 35 patients with primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the mediastinum treated with high-dose cyclophosphamide, carmustine, and etoposide (CBV) plus autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation to determine outcome and prognostic features for progression-free survival (PFS) [9].
• CBV and PSCT for patients with relapsed Hodgkin's diseases who have marrow hypocellularity in traditional harvest sites or histopathologic evidence of BM metastases can result in long-term event-free survival [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Carbovir

• PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-seven patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL; n = 23), Hodgkin's disease (HD, n = 32), or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL; n = 2) with a history of previous radiation therapy were treated with cyclophosphamide (Cy; 7.2 g/m2), carmustine (300 mg/m2 or 600 mg/m2), and etoposide (2,400 mg/m2) (CBV) followed by ABMT [11].
• Dose-limiting hypotension is transient and reversible when DTIC is administered at 3,900 mg/m2 with CBV [12].
• PURPOSE: We conducted a dose-finding study of mitoxantrone (MITO) in combination with high-dose cyclophosphamide, carmustine (BCNU), and etoposide (CBV) in refractory lymphoma undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) [13].
• Both enantiomers of carbovir triphosphate were substrates and alternative substrate inhibitors of HIV reverse transcriptase [14].
• Carbovir (9-[4 alpha-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopent-2-ene-1 alpha-yl]guanine) (CBV) is a carbocyclic analogue of 2',3'-dideoxyguanosine that exhibits potent and selective in vitro activity against human immunodeficiency virus [15].

Biological context of Carbovir

• In this heavily pretreated patient population, most of whom had high volume residual disease, complete responses (CRs) to CBV and ABMT occurred in 25% of assessable patients with NHL and 43% of patients with HD [16].
• Phosphorylation of carbovir enantiomers by cellular enzymes determines the stereoselectivity of antiviral activity [14].
• A fetal infection with CBV similar to rubella virus may initiate autoimmunity or cause persistent infection that may lead to progressive beta-cell destruction [17].
• The significant effect of ACZ on CBF and CBV suggests that cerebral perfusion might be increased using pharmacological vasodilation in CADASIL [18].
• It was achieved in anesthetized rats by determining total cerebral blood volume (TCBV), parenchymal blood (CBV), plasma (CPV), erythrocyte (CEV) volumes and cerebral hematocrit (CHct) as well as CBF at about 40, 60, and 80 mm Hg PaCO2 [19].

Anatomical context of Carbovir

• PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with relapsed, refractory, or poor-risk intermediate- and high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were treated with CBV with autologous marrow or peripheral-blood progenitor cell support [20].
• We conclude that both CBV enantiomers enter human erythrocytes by two transporters that are enantiomerically selective [15].
• CBV was measured in capillaries of the dorsal middle phalangeal area of the finger in six subjects using a recently developed capillary anemometer [21].
• Using human lymphoid cells severely deficient in nucleoside kinases, we were able to identify the route of activation of CBV metabolism [22].
• Its hydrolytic stability and its ability to inhibit the infectivity and replication of HIV in T-cells at concentrations of approximately 200-400-fold below toxic concentrations make carbovir an excellent candidate for development as a potential antiretroviral agent [23].

Associations of Carbovir with other chemical compounds

• Two enantiomers of carbovir, a carbocyclic analog of 2',3'-dideoxyguanosine, were compared with respect to their phosphorylation and the phosphorylation of their nucleotides by mammalian enzymes [14].
• Pyruvate kinase, phosphoglycerate kinase, and creatine kinase phosphorylated both enantiomers of carbovir diphosphate at similar rates [14].
• Acetazolamide treatment elevated CBF and CBV significantly in VOI2 and VOI3 but VOI1 [24].
• We demonstrate a regionally specific correlation between tumor relative microvascular blood volume (CBV), determined in vivo with functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques, and tumor glucose uptake determined with fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography [25].
• A capillary electrophoresis-ion trap mass spectrometry method with a time-segment program was developed to simultaneously analyze Ziagen and its phosphorylated metabolites such as carbovir monophosphate, carbovir diphosphate, and carbovir triphosphate [26].

Gene context of Carbovir

• All siblings with antibodies against GAD 65 had significant titre increase against any of the CBV strains [27].
• Evidence was obtained that neither deoxycytidine kinase, adenosine kinase, or mitochondrial deoxyguanosine kinase is primarily involved in the initial step of phosphorylation of CBV in CCRF-CEM cells [22].
• In the capsid coding region five clusters were seen: PVs, CAV21 and CAV24 formed one cluster (PV-like); ENV70 formed a cluster of its own; all CBVs, CAV9, EV11, EV12 and SVDV formed the third cluster (CBV-like); CAV16, CAV2 and ENV71 belonged to the fourth cluster (CAV16-like) and BEVs formed their own cluster (BEV-like) [28].
• Perfusion weighted MRI has proven very useful for deriving hemodynamic parameters such as CBF, CBV and MTT [29].
• In conclusion, this study indicates that children of mothers who expressed CBV IgM at delivery are at increased risk for developing childhood onset IDDM [17].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Carbovir

• High-dose CBV chemotherapy induced complete responses in 15 patients and partial responses in 10 patients [2].
• Transcutaneous oxygen tension (tc PO2) was measured on the dorsal skin of the foot, and the nailfold microcirculation was investigated by a combination of laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and dynamic capillaroscopy (CBV) in the great toes of 17 legs of 11 patients, with 13 legs of eight normal subjects as a control group [8].
• The actuarial event-free survival for these 56 patients at 3 years was 37% and was at least as good as that reported for relapsed Hodgkin's disease patients treated with CBV and ABMT [10].
• However, formal restaging was not performed after these conventional therapies; ie, the therapies were not used to select responding patients for transplantation, and all who received such therapy subsequently received CBV and autologous marrow grafts [30].
• Thirty-four eligible patients received short-course conventional chemotherapy and/or involved-field radiotherapy before CBV [30].

References