Disease relevance of Beromycin

• The current treatment of choice for streptococcal pharyngitis/tonsillitis is a 10-day course of phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V); however, unresolved problems concerning the use of penicillin include the timing of therapy, appropriate therapy for treatment failures, chronic carriers and those with frequent recurrences [1].
• Although not as well tolerated as phenoxymethylpenicillin in the treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis, azithromycin is at least as well tolerated as most other agents used to treat respiratory tract and other infections in children and was better tolerated than amoxicillin/clavulanic acid [2].
• It was previously found that Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, which can cause tonsillitis with exanthema, is not eradicated from the pharynx by administration of phenoxymethylpenicillin, despite minimum inhibitory concentration values of 0.015-1.0 micrograms/ml [3].
• Azithromycin, doxycycline and phenoxymethylpenicillin were compared in a prospective, randomized study of 64 patients with typical erythema migrans [4].
• The antibacterial efficacy of phenoxymethylpenicillin (Pen-V-K) against strains of Staphylococcus aureus was assessed in an in-vitro kinetic model [5].

Psychiatry related information on Beromycin

• This difference was explained mainly by recall bias and confounders because adjusted OR for medically documented phenoxymethylpenicillin treatments did not show difference during the second-third months of gestation, i.e. in the critical period for most major congenital abnormalities in case-matched control pairs [6].

High impact information on Beromycin

• There was no visible difference in the time course of phenoxymethylpenicillin in inflamed and noninflamed dermis [7].
• It is concluded that A. haemolyticum is often penicillin-tolerant, suggesting that phenoxymethylpenicillin administration would be ineffective in eradicating A. haemolyticum from the pharynx [3].
• A procedure was developed for determining the rate constants for the acylation and deacylation steps for the good substrates benzylpenicillin and phenoxymethylpenicillin; this depends on determining the fraction of enzyme that is present as acyl-enzyme in the steady state [8].
• Decarboxylation of the penicilloic acids from benzyl-penicillin, or from phenoxymethylpenicillin, leads to epimerization (at C-5) of the penilloic acid [9].
• RESULTS: Clavulanic acid, cefoxitin and cefaloridine were the most potent inhibitors of IFN-gamma activity, followed by cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and phenoxymethylpenicillin [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Beromycin

• Azithromycin was also as effective as either phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V), erythromycin, clarithromycin or cefaclor against streptococcal pharyngitis or tonsillitis in children, but appears to result in more recurrence of infection than phenoxymethylpenicillin in this indication, necessitating a dosage of 12 mg/kg/day for 5 days [2].
• In a randomized multicenter therapeutic trial, 32 patients with erythema migrans received oral azithromycin 500 mg once daily and 33 patients received phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V) 1 million U three times daily for 10 days [11].
• For phenoxymethylpenicillin the reported rate of anaphylaxis was 0.14 cases per million defined daily doses and for benzylpenicillin it was 3.7 cases per million defined daily doses [12].
• Erythromycin and phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V) in the treatment of respiratory tract infections as related to microbiological findings and serum C-reactive protein [13].
• Enzymatic synthesis of phenoxymethylpenicillin from 6-aminopenicillanic acid and phenoxyacetic acid methyl ester was attempted by using partially purified alpha-acylamino-beta-lactam acylhydrolase I (ALAHase I) enzyme from Erwinia aroideae NRRL B-138 [14].

Biological context of Beromycin

• Bactericidal activity of phenoxymethylpenicillin in an in-vitro model simulating tissue kinetics [5].
• The accumulation and slow pharmacokinetics of phenoxymethylpenicillin in the vagina may be explained by the countercurrent vascular system supplying the internal genitalia and upper vagina [15].
• The bioavailability of phenoxymethylpenicillin (pc V) was determined in children with upper respiratory infection (age 1 month-5 years) following the administration of different commercial preparations of pc V [16].
• Thus, a 5-day course of cefpodoxime proxetil is likely to be less costly for treatment of pharyngotonsillitis in the general practice setting than standard 10-day courses of phenoxymethylpenicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid [17].
• It was possible to determine the plasma AUC of phenoxymethylpenicillin after addition of sodium caprate in three subjects at both pHs; this was in the range of 14.0-62.8 and 56.4-231 (min micromol L(-1)) at pH 6.0 and 7.4, respectively [18].

Anatomical context of Beromycin

• In vitro lymphocyte proliferation in the diagnosis of allergy to phenoxymethylpenicillin [19].
• We report relapsing overwhelming sepsis caused by penicillin-resistant pneumococcus in a patient who was immunised and received prophylactic phenoxymethylpenicillin for 8 months following splenectomy and matched unrelated donor (MUD) marrow transplantation for refractory T cell lymphoma [20].
• The role of prophylactic antibiotics in middle ear surgery. A study on phenoxymethylpenicillin prophylaxis [21].
• A 24 h course of oral treatment with phenoxymethylpenicillin radically affected bacterial adherence to the epithelial cells [22].
• Pharmacokinetics of phenoxymethylpenicillin in tonsils [23].

Associations of Beromycin with other chemical compounds

• A phenoxymethylpenicillin amidohydrolase which hydrolyses phenoxymethylpenicillin to 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) has been isolated from two species of Penicillium chrysogenum [24].
• In this study the antimicrobial effects of phenoxymethylpenicillin (PM) and pheneticillin (PE) in vitro and in an experimental animal infection model were compared as well as the pharmacokinetic properties of both drugs in patients [25].
• When the same subjects were perfused at pH 7.4, the f(abs) and P(eff) of phenoxymethylpenicillin were 2.4% and 0.11 x 10(-4) cm s(-1) (0-100 min), respectively, also remaining unchanged by addition of sodium caprate (100-200 min) [18].
• The aim of this in-vivo perfusion study in humans was to investigate the influence of a penetration enhancer, sodium caprate, on the rectal absorption of phenoxymethylpenicillin and antipyrine [18].
• The objective of the study was to examine the human teratogenic potential of oral penicillin V: phenoxymethylpenicillin treatment during pregnancy in the large population-based dataset of the Hungarian Case-Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities, 1980-1996 [6].

Gene context of Beromycin

• The emergence of beta-lactamase producing bacteria in the microflora in the oropharyngeal cavity was studied in ten healthy volunteers treated with 1 g phenoxymethylpenicillin b.i.d. for ten days [26].
• The aim of the present investigation was to determine to what extent beta-lactamase producing Haemophilus influenzae (H.i.) and Branhamella catarrhalis (B.c.) were isolated in cases of failure of treatment of acute otitis media (AOM) with phenoxymethylpenicillin [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Beromycin

• In the tissue cage fluid the phenoxymethylpenicillin concentration exceeded 0.03 mg/l, the MIC-value for the streptococcal strain used, for at least 6 h [28].
• The statistical analysis of phenoxymethylpenicillin V assay showed no significant differences between the results obtained by CE and HPLC methods [29].
• Seventeen patients underwent tonsillectomy 55-120 min after receiving oral phenoxymethylpenicillin 12.5 mg/kg bodyweight [30].
• Five isocratic reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) methods have been examined for the separation of phenoxymethylpenicillin and its related substances [31].
• Absorption of phenoxymethylpenicillin given in tablets and liquid form was evaluated in 8 females before and 3 months after gastroplasty [32].

References