Disease relevance of pJD4_01

• An origin of replication (ori) was obtained from a naturally occurring beta-lactamase-producing plasmid isolated from Neisseria gonorrhoeae and used to construct shuttle vectors capable of replicating in N. gonorrhoeae, Haemophilus ducreyi, Haemophilus influenzae and Escherichia coli [1].
• Oligonucleotide primers were developed for use in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays to differentiate three related, epidemic beta-lactamase-producing plasmids of Neisseria gonorrhoeae-the Asia-(7426 bp), Africa-(5599 bp) and Toronto-(5154 bp) type plasmids [2].
• For several reasons, including the appearance of beta-lactamase-producing gonococci, it is no longer clear that penicillin G is the "drug of choice" for gonorrhea [3].
• Beta-lactamase-producing Gonococcus from Ghana [4].
• Beta-lactamase production in commensal Neisseriaceae [5].

High impact information on pJD4_01

• Certain gonococci, which heretofore have lacked a conjugal mating system, can sexually transfer a small plasmid (4.5 x 10)6) daltons) which carries the gene for beta-lactamase production [6].
• Ceftriaxone is a new extended-spectrum cephalosporin with a long serum half-life and is many times more active than penicillin G against both beta-lactamase-positive or -negative strains of N gonorrhoeae [7].
• Ophthalmia neonatorum caused by beta-lactamase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae [8].
• The production of fluorescent end-products with ampicillin as substrate can be used to detect beta-lactamase activity in biological fluids [9].
• Rapid identification of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae by detection of beta-lactamase in urethral exudates [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of pJD4_01

• The organism was typical in all respects except that, unlike any previously described gonococcus, it produced a beta-lactamase that conferred resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, and cephaloridine [10].
• Treatment of gonorrhoea caused by beta-lactamase producing strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with cefotaxime [11].
• Ironically, since 1976 the declining overall incidence has been offset by the advent of plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase production by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and by a growing problem with outbreaks due to strains with chromosomally mediated penicillin and tetracycline resistance [12].
• Clavulanic acid is a beta-lactamase inhibitor that inhibits the beta-lactamases of S. aureus, Hemophilus, Neisseria, Branhamella, Eschericia coli, Klebsiella, and Bacteroides [13].
• The geometric mean minimal inhibitory concentration for ceftriaxone was 0.0038 microgram/ml for 65 pretreatment cervical isolates of beta-lactamase-negative Neisseria gonorrhoeae and all isolates were inhibited by 0.063 microgram/ml [14].

Biological context of pJD4_01

• We have identified putative DnaA and IHF binding sites, various open reading frames that are thought to specify functional proteins, and some important DNA sequences involved with conjugative transfer of gonococcal beta-lactamase plasmids [15].
• Pathogenicity of and beta-lactamase production by Branhamella (Neisseria) catarrhalis [16].
• A total of 70 and 6.4% of the beta-lactamase-negative strains exhibited intermediate and high-level penicillin resistance, respectively [17].
• The excellent activity of tigemonam against beta-lactamase-producing bacteria reflected its marked stability to hydrolysis by isolated enzymes [18].
• Surveillance of antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae showed a decrease in the percentage of beta-lactamase-producing isolates but an increase in intermediately penicillin-resistant strains and strains resistant to a high level of tetracycline [19].

Anatomical context of pJD4_01

• Clinical specimens consisting of blood, peritoneal, pleural, and cerebrospinal fluids from patients infected with beta-lactamase-producing organisms yielded positive ERIA tests; fluids from uninfected patients were negative [20].
• A beta-lactamase-producing Branhamella catarrhalis was isolated in pure culture from the right middle ear aspiration of an otitis media in a 3-month-old girl [21].
• One beta-lactamase producing B.c. was isolated from the nasopharynx in a patient with pure culture of H.i. in the ear exudate [22].
• A 17-year-old boy with end-stage renal disease due to IgA nephropathy presented with acute, spontaneous, symptomatic peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis without reported break in sterility or PD catheter exit site infection. beta-lactamase-negative N. mucosa was isolated from the dialysate effluent [23].
• Between March 1978 and October 1980 seven patients with beta-lactamase-producing gonococci in the pharynx were treated wit spectinomycin of cefuroxime or both [24].

Associations of pJD4_01 with chemical compounds

• Most strains isolated in or epidemiologically linked with the Far East are relatively resistant to tetracycline in vitro, are phenotypically wild-type or proline-dependent auxotypes, and carry a plasmid with a molecular weight of 5800 000 (5-8 X 10(6)) daltons coding for beta-lactamase production [25].
• In contrast, P.P.N.G. epidemiologically linked with West Africa are more susceptible to tetracycline, require arginine for growth, and their gene coding for beta-lactamase synthesis is contained in a smaller 3-2 X 10(6) dalton plasmid [25].
• The presence of clavulanic acid resulted in a significant enhancement of the activity of ticarcillin against a wide range of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria [26].
• Isolates (including beta-lactamase-producing strains) were susceptible to erythromycin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole [27].
• The antibacterial effects produced by ticarcillin disodium plus clavulanate potassium, a combination of the broad-spectrum penicillin ticarcillin, and the beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid as the potassium salt, have been measured in vitro and in experimental infection studies [26].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of pJD4_01

• Purification by affinity chromatography and properties of a beta-lactamase isolated from Neisseria gonorrhoeae [28].
• Organisms that produced beta-lactamase were classified as penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae, and those with tetracycline minimum inhibitory concentrations > 16 micrograms/ml were considered presumptive high-level tetracycline resistant [29].
• The origin and properties of beta-lactamase satellite bands seen in isoelectric focusing [30].
• Serologic classification and contact-tracing in the control of microepidemics of beta-lactamase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae [31].
• Heteroduplex analysis has shown that the R plasmid contains a 1.6-kilobase segment homologous to the right part (the region coding for the beta-lactamase) of the Tn3-like transposon Tn2301 the 1.6-kilobase DNA segment is not transposable, but it can give rise to a functional transposon, when linked to the left part of TN2301 [32].

References