Disease relevance of Benzoylglycine

• The loss of sodium causes extracellular fluid volume contraction and a fall in the glomerular filtration rate, which may transform the normal anion gap type of metabolic acidosis into one with a high anion gap (accumulation of hippurate and other anions) [1].
• To learn more about this transient functional disturbance of the kidney, we obtained gamma camera hippurate renograms in 45 patients with hypertension [2].
• In conclusion, ACE inhibition markedly improves the sensitivity of rapid sequence urography and hippurate renography in the diagnosis of renovascular hypertension in the two-kidney, one clip Goldblatt hypertensive dog [3].
• The isolates were identified as Campylobacter jejuni or Campylobacter coli based on the results of the hippurate biochemical test in addition to five PCR-based genotypic methods [4].
• In one study, however, proteinuria seemed to influence the MAG3/hippurate clearance ratio [5].

Psychiatry related information on Benzoylglycine

• These same conditions provided for the loading of variable amounts of hippurate as a function of reaction time; conjugates were synthesized with 9.6 mol hippurate.mol ConA-1 [6].

High impact information on Benzoylglycine

• In normal subjects, the FSR for plasma fibronectin using 15N enrichment into urinary hippurate was 35.35 +/- 1.46%/d, whereas the Js/V was 4.45 +/- 0.19 micrograms/ml plasma per h [7].
• Among all the compounds identified, only hippuric acid, eluted in the fractions of the second group, was capable of inhibiting the uptake of urate and para-aminohippurate in vitro [8].
• In isolated liver mitochondria, hippurate production from benzoate in the presence of saturating glycine concentrations was reduced in BDL rats by 36% with L-glutamate as a source for ATP, by 21% in the presence of succinate, and by 31% in the presence of ATP plus oligomycine [9].
• A carboxypeptidase activity that digested angiotensin I to des-Leu-angiotensin I, Ile-His-Pro-Phe to Ile-His-Pro and Phe, and hippuryl-L-phenylalanine to hippuric acid and Phe was detected in the granules of these NK cells [10].
• METHODS: Metabolic control, clearance of inulin and para-amino hippuric acid, 24 h ambulatory blood pressure and renal biopsies were studied in 41 patients who were 17.8 +/- 0.5 (SEM) years of age and 10.7 +/- 0.5 years after onset of diabetes [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Benzoylglycine

• To evaluate this possible divergence, we measured the relative GFR (I-125 iothalamate), ERPF (I-131 hippurate), and Tc-99m DMSA accumulation in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction or unilateral ischemia at various times after renal injury [12].
• Iodine-123 hippurate renography was at least as useful as [99mTc]DTPA renography in this respect, while [99mTc]DMSA scintigraphy can be used particularly in segmental stenosis [13].
• To characterize this response we administered 1 g of protein/kg body weight as a beef steak meal to nine, healthy male subjects and measured glomerular filtration rate (inulin clearance), renal plasma flow (p-amino hippurate clearance), plasma renin activity, aldosterone and plasma and urinary catecholamines [14].
• SB has also been used to treat children with nonketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH), where glycine is removed, on conjugation, as hippurate [15].
• Some cephalothin-susceptible strains and a strain with an indeterminate hippurate reaction were classified as Campylobacter coli by DNA homology testing [16].

Biological context of Benzoylglycine

• Renal plasma flow (para-amino hippurate clearance) increased (465 versus 391 ml/minute; p less than 0.05), but glomerular filtration rate ([51Cr]ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid clearance) did not change [17].
• Renal function was evaluated as glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow determined by clearances of inulin and para-amino hippuric acid [18].
• Two hundred eighty-five isolates of Campylobacter jejuni-Campylobacter coli from children with gastroenteritis at The Hospital for Sick Children (Toronto, Canada) over a three-year period were biotyped by the hippurate hydrolysis test and serotyped on the basis of thermostable, soluble antigens by the passive hemagglutination technique [19].
• The new compound is clearly excreted but its total clearance is lower than that of hippurate as a result of high protein binding [20].
• However, they were attenuated after adjusting for hippurate clearance, a marker of renal blood flow [21].

Anatomical context of Benzoylglycine

• The activities of benzoyl-CoA synthase and benzoyl-CoA:glycine N-acyltransferase were reduced by approximately 60%, and the coenzyme A content by 50% in hepatic mitochondria from cirrhotic rats, explaining impaired hippurate formation [22].
• Methenamine hippurate in urinary tract infections in children: prophylaxis, treatment and side effects [23].
• This organism had spiral morphology, with single amphitrichous flagella, and was negative for hippurate hydrolysis, production of urease, and reduction of nitrate [24].
• Rather, the value of EK(mi) exceeded EK(pmi) because of the ratio of efflux clearances at the basolateral and luminal membranes for hippurate [corrected] was less than 26.089, a value determined by the GFR, plasma renal flow, and the unbound fraction of hippurate of the system that would render E(mi) to equal E(pmi) in the system [25].
• The flow rate of blood past the portal vein was determined by infusion of P-amino hippuric acid into the ileocolic vein [26].

Associations of Benzoylglycine with other chemical compounds

• This molar ratio was lower than the corresponding mean molar ratio in uremic sera for CMPF (0.38) and indoxyl sulfate (0.63), while it was higher than that found for hippuric acid (0.85) [27].
• RESULTS: Renal excretion of hippurate following i.p. administration of benzoate was reduced in cirrhotic rats (64+/-15 vs. 85+/-14% of administered dose over 24 h), and showed a linear correlation with hippurate formation by isolated mitochondria [22].
• A difference in the incorporation of 14C into hippurate glycine from DL-(2-14C)-glutamate and DL-(5-14C)glutamate in guinea pigs [28].
• All samples were tested for osmolality, urea, creatinine, p-cresol, hippuric acid, and indoxyl sulfate [29].
• The outward permeability was significantly decreased by 50-65% by metabolic or competitive inhibitors (1 mumol/l ouabain, 10 mumol/l 2,4-dinitrophenol, 100 mumol/l probenecid, 30 mmol/l hippurate, or 5 mmol/l iodipamide), whereas the inward permeability was not affected by any of the above competitive inhibitors [30].

Gene context of Benzoylglycine

• The assay involved quantitative conversion of proCPU to active CPU by thrombin-thrombomodulin, a very efficient activator of proCPU, followed by determination of the enzymatic activity of CPU with the substrate hippuryl-L-arginine, using an HPLC-assisted determination of the released hippuric acid [31].
• In addition, a negative relation was observed between hippuric acid and serum DBH, preceding and following vacation (Rho = -0.46, p = 0.05; Rho = -0.51, p = 0.03) [32].
• Distribution of urinary hippuric acid concentrations by ALDH2 genotype [33].
• A hippurate-negative variant of Campylobacter jejuni with a high level of groEL sequence similarity to both C. jejuni (96%) and C. coli (94%) gave a unique AluI profile and an ApoI profile identical to those of other C. jejuni strains [34].
• As biomarker of exposure, we obtained data on hippuric acid (HA), the main metabolite of toluene in urine, and DNA damage detected by the Comet assay in blood cells [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Benzoylglycine

• Diagnosis of impaired renal function after kidney transplantation using renal scintigraphy, renal plasma flow and urinary excretion of hippurate [36].
• Renal function was evaluated every other year by clearances of inulin (glomerular filtration rate [GFR]) and para-amino hippurate (effective renal plasma flow [ERPF]), and filtration fraction (GFR/ERPF) was calculated [37].
• An exercise-induced transient, bilateral, hippurate transport disturbance was sought as an expression of an exercise-mediated cortical perfusion abnormality [38].
• Aryl acid content of serum and urine was estimated by fluorometry in relation to hippuric acid as a standard (FI-Hipp) [39].
• I describe modification of the spectrophotometric assay described by Cushman and Cheung [biochem. Pharmacol. 20, 1637 (1971)] for serum angiotensin-converting enzyme, with use of "high-pressure" liquid chromatography to measure the hippuric acid end product [40].

References