Disease relevance of Bifidobacterium

• RESULTS: Lactobacillus paracasei, but not Lactobacillus johnsonii, Bifidobacterium lactis, or Bifidobacterium longum, attenuated muscle hypercontractility [1].
• Three kinds of morphologically distinct cell wall preparations were isolated from heat-killed Bifidobacterium infantis and examined for the relative antitumor efficacy with syngeneic Meth A fibrosarcoma in BALB/c mice [2].
• Although the proteases from the Bifidobacterium and the Streptococcus pneumoniae showed the characteristics of typical IgA1 proteases, cleaving the IgA of only the IgA1 subclass, the protease from Clostridium sp. revealed a dual substrate specificity, in that it cleaved both IgA1 and IgA2 of the A2m(1) allotype [3].
• Synbiotic therapy (Bifidobacterium longum/Synergy 1) initiates resolution of inflammation in patients with active ulcerative colitis: a randomised controlled pilot trial [4].
• Although cefbuperazone was more active against Bifidobacterium spp., it had less activity against Fusobacterium spp., Eubacterium spp., and all Bacteroides spp. other than B. fragilis and B. vulgatus [5].

High impact information on Bifidobacterium

• The Bifidobacterium strains lacked A-degrading activity but were otherwise similar; these released 60-80% of the anthrone-reacting hexoses but not the A antigenic structures from hog gastric mucin [6].
• The crystal structure of L-lactate dehydrogenase from Bifidobacterium longum, determined to 2.5 A resolution, contains a regular 1:1 complex of T- and R-state tetramers [7].
• Conversely, neither germ-free IL-10 mice nor IL-10 KO mice colonized as adults, with a pure culture of Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus casei, L. reuteri, L. acidophilus, a Bifidobacterium sp., Lactococcus lactis, or a Bacillus sp. developed IBD during the 25- to 30-week study [8].
• The reconstitution of intestinal flora of GF mice with Bifidobacterium infantis, one of the predominant bacteria in the intestinal flora, restored the susceptibility of these Th2 responses to oral tolerance induction; however, this was only effective when such reconstitution was performed in neonates, but not in mice at an older age [9].
• Intestinal Bifidobacterium species induce varying cytokine production [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Bifidobacterium

• Yoghurt with Bifidobacterium longum reduces erythromycin-induced gastrointestinal effects [11].
• Subunit-hybrid enzymes of mutant tetrameric L-lactate dehydrogenases from Bifidobacterium longum were studied in an examination of the mechanism of allosteric activation by fructose 1,6-bisphosphate [12].
• Enhancement of immunity in the elderly by dietary supplementation with the probiotic Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 [13].
• Lactulose, a keto analog of lactose, serves as a substrate for preferential growth of Bifidobacterium [14].
• We have investigated the colon tumor inhibitory activity of Bifidobacterium longum, a lactic acid-producing enterobacterium [15].

Biological context of Bifidobacterium

• We determined the 2.26-Mb genome sequence of an infant-derived strain of Bifidobacterium longum, and identified 1,730 possible coding sequences organized in a 60%-GC circular chromosome [16].
• OBJECTIVE: We determined whether dietary supplementation with the known immunostimulating probiotic Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 could enhance aspects of cellular immunity in elderly subjects [13].
• Sequence analysis of two cryptic plasmids from Bifidobacterium longum DJO10A and construction of a shuttle cloning vector [17].
• Two genes encoding beta-galactosidase isoenzymes, beta-galI and beta-galIII, from Bifidobacterium infantis HL96 were revealed on 3.6- and 2.4-kb DNA fragments, respectively, by nucleotide sequence analysis of the two fragments. beta-galI (3,069 bp) encodes a 1,022-amino-acid (aa) polypeptide with a predicted molecular mass of 113 kDa [18].
• Its N-terminal and internal amino acid sequences were homologous with those of the hypothetical protein of Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705 encoded by the BL1641 gene [19].

Anatomical context of Bifidobacterium

• Specific detection and analysis of a probiotic Bifidobacterium strain in infant feces [20].
• An in vitro assay was used to study the growth-promotional activity of human milk (HM), cow's milk (CM), and whey and casein fractions of HM and CM for five strains of Bifidobacterium species isolated originally from stools of human infants [21].
• We studied the effects of two probiotic (Bifidobacterium lactis sp. 420 and Lactobacillus acidophilus) and two control microorganisms (Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis) and four microbial metabolites (acetate, butyrate, lactate and propionate) on the expression levels of the Cox isoforms in the enterocyte-like cell line Caco-2 [22].
• The test group was administered Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 (109 colony-forming units (cfu)/piglet/d) orally until the end of the experiment; the control group did not receive probiotic treatment [23].
• Antibiotic susceptibility of potentially probiotic Bifidobacterium isolates from the human gastrointestinal tract [24].

Gene context of Bifidobacterium

• Lactose-over-glucose preference in Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705: glcP, encoding a glucose transporter, is subject to lactose repression [25].
• Here we show that Bifidobacterium genomic DNA induced secretion of the antiinflammatory interleukin-10 by PBMC [26].
• Upon stimulation of EL-4.IL-2 with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, there were variable increases in interleukin-2 secretion (up to 2.4-fold for 10(6) Bifidobacterium Bf-1/ml) and interleukin-5 secretion (up to 4.6-fold for 10(8) B. adolescentis M101-4) [27].
• Ability of lactoferrin to promote the growth of Bifidobacterium spp. in vitro is independent of receptor binding capacity and iron saturation level [28].
• The number of colorectal tumors per mouse induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in transgenic (Tg) mice carrying human c-Ha-ras genes was significantly reduced by ingestion of apple pectin (AP) or a culture condensate of Bifidobacterium longum(MB) compared with a control diet and non-Tg mice [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Bifidobacterium

• However, when two E. hallii strains and one A. caccae strain were grown in separate cocultures with a starch-utilizing Bifidobacterium adolescentis isolate, with starch as the carbohydrate energy source, the L-lactate produced by B. adolescentis became undetectable and butyrate was formed [30].
• The minimum detection limit for in situ viability staining in conjunction with confocal scanning laser microscopy enumeration was approximately 10(8) bacteria/ml (equivalent to approximately 10(7) CFU/ml), based on Bifidobacterium sp. strain UCC 35612 counts in maximum-recovery diluent [31].
• Molecular cloning and characterization of Bifidobacterium bifidum 1,2-alpha-L-fucosidase (AfcA), a novel inverting glycosidase (glycoside hydrolase family 95) [32].
• Quantitative detection of probiotic Bifidobacterium strains in bacterial mixtures by using real-time PCR [33].
• Oral administration of 5% chitosan via a casein diet caused mouse body weights to decrease and also decreased the number of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in normal flora of the intestinal tract [34].

References