Disease relevance of Piperin

• Piperine, a trans-trans isomer of 1-piperoyl-piperidine, in combination with ciprofloxacin markedly reduced the MICs and mutation prevention concentration of ciprofloxacin for Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus [1].
• Piperine (20 micromol/L) also inhibited production of EGCG-3"-glucuronide in human HT-29 colon adenocarcinoma cells [2].
• Reproductive toxicity of piperine in Swiss albino mice [3].
• Piperine impairs cytochrome P4501A1 activity by direct interaction with the enzyme and not by down regulation of CYP1A1 gene expression in the rat hepatoma 5L cell line [4].
• These enzyme activities were reversed to near normal control values in animals treated with piperine (50 mg/kg body weight) [5].

Psychiatry related information on Piperin

• Individual differences in perception of bitterness from capsaicin, piperine and zingerone [6].

High impact information on Piperin

• This finding raises the intriguing possibility that piperine can be used as a chemical template for the design of improved TRPV1 agonists [7].
• Both compounds 1 and 2 inhibited the TNF-alpha-induced expression of ICAM-1 in a dose- and time-dependent manner; however, the activity of ethyl 3',4',5'-trimethoxycinnamate (1) was approximately 1.3 times higher than that of piperine (2) [8].
• Both cimetidine and piperine reduced the up-regulation of these proteins [9].
• The HPLC procedures employed also detected vitamin A, two forms of vitamin E (gamma- and alpha-tocopherol), and two non-carotenoid food components, i.e., piperine and caffeine, in serum and breast milk [10].
• Piperine, a main component of Piper longum Linn. and Piper nigrum Linn., is a plant alkaloid with a long history of medicinal use in Indian medicine [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Piperin

• The effect of alkaloid piperine against the toxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) in differentiated PC12 cells was assessed [12].
• They were fed standard pellet diet, high-fat diet (20% coconut oil, 2% cholesterol and 0.125% bile salts), high-fat diet plus black pepper (0.25 g or 0.5 g/kg body weight), high-fat diet plus piperine (0.02 g/kg body weight) for a period of 10 weeks [13].
• In vivo growth-inhibition of Sarcoma 180 by piplartine and piperine, two alkaloid amides from Piper [14].
• Targeting of piperine intercalated in mannose-coated liposomes in experimental leishmaniasis [15].
• The animals were treated with the following regimens for 10 weeks: 1% carboxymethyl cellulose; 10 mg carbimazole (CM)/kg body weight; 10 mg CM + 40 mg piperine/kg body weight, and 10 mg CM + 2 mg atorvastatin /ATV//kg body weight [16].

Biological context of Piperin

• Piperine-mediated changes in the permeability of rat intestinal epithelial cells. The status of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity, uptake of amino acids and lipid peroxidation [17].
• Piperine, a major active component of black and long peppers, has been reported to enhance drug bioavailability [18].
• Effects of piperine on bioenergetic functions of isolated rat liver mitochondria [19].
• 5. The present study indicates that the vanilloid ligands anandamide and piperine, but not capsaicin, can reduce upper gastrointestinal motility [20].
• For elucidation of the distinction, different cobalt-catalyzed mechanisms were proposed for the Diels-Alder dimerization of piperine [21].

Anatomical context of Piperin

• Piperine (100 micromol/L) inhibited EGCG glucuronidation in mouse small intestine (by 40%) but not in hepatic microsomes [2].
• The decrease obtained at 10 microM piperine in intestinal cells was comparable to that obtained at 50-100 microM in hepatocytes [22].
• Moreover, by using human liver microsomes we determined the effect of piperine on CYP3A4-mediated formation of the verapamil metabolites D-617 and norverapamil [23].
• Because both proteins are expressed in enterocytes and hepatocytes and contribute to a major extent to first-pass elimination of many drugs, our data indicate that dietary piperine could affect plasma concentrations of P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 substrates in humans, in particular if these drugs are administered orally [23].
• Inhibition of the ROS production and replenishment of GSH by piperine, may in part be responsible for the suppression of downstream cascade of events, i.e. apoptosis, blastogenesis and T lymphocyte phenotyping [11].

Associations of Piperin with other chemical compounds

• A recent study shows that piperine, the irritant principle in black pepper, is more efficient than capsaicin in the desensitization of human TRPV1, which suggests that this pharmacological aspect of vanilloids can be dissociated from its potency [7].
• This is exemplified by increased oral bioavailability of phenytoin and rifampin by piperine and decreased bioavailability of indinavir, tacrolimus, cyclosporine, digoxin, and fexofenadine by coadministered St [24].
• Curcumin, ginsenosides, piperine, some catechins from green tea, and silymarin from milk thistle were found to be inhibitors of Pgp, while some catechins from green tea increased Pgp-mediated drug transport by heterotropic allosteric mechanism, and St [24].
• Capsazepine (15 mg kg(-1) i.p.) neither per se affected gastrointestinal motility nor did it counteract the inhibitory effect of both piperine (10 mg kg(-1)) and anandamide (10 mg kg(-1)) [20].
• We therefore investigated the influence of piperine on P-glycoprotein-mediated, polarized transport of digoxin and cyclosporine in monolayers of Caco-2 cells [23].

Gene context of Piperin

• These results may provide insight into the TRPV1-mediated effects of piperine on gastrointestinal function [25].
• Simultaneous supplementation with black pepper or piperine lowered TBARS and CD levels and maintained SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, and GSH levels to near those of control rats [13].
• We also found that piperine could reduce the expression of IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, GM-CSF and IL-12p40 genes [26].
• Piperine is a potent inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), c-Fos, CREB, ATF-2 and proinflammatory cytokine gene expression in B16F-10 melanoma cells [26].
• Kinetic analyses by a Lineweaver-Burk plot clearly indicated that piperine competitively inhibited MAO-A and MAO-B with Ki values of 19.0+/-0.9 microM and 3.19+/-0.5 microM, respectively [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Piperin

• Oral administration of piperine in rats strongly inhibited the hepatic AHH and UDP-glucuronyltransferase activities [18].
• Piperine appeared to increase EGCG bioavailability by inhibiting glucuronidation and gastrointestinal transit [2].
• Determination of piperine in pepper (Piper nigrum) using high-performance liquid chromatography [28].
• The contractile effects induced by piperine (10 microM) and the subsequent inhibitory effects on the twitch response were not desensitized and largely persisted after extrinsic denervation [29].
• Determination of piperine in biological tissues by thin-layer chromatography and ultraviolet absorption densitometry [30].

References