Disease relevance of VEGFA

• VEGF and KDR were found to be detected on the epithelial, and/or endothelial and/or stromal cells of the carcinomas in both species, suggesting indications for some possible autocrine and paracrine loops [1].
• Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and its receptor KDR are involved in the regulation of angiogenesis and are up-regulated in a number of tumours in humans and in particular, breast cancer [1].
• Second, despite a lack of quantitative changes in organelle number, endothelial-specific expression of Cav-1 impairs endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation, endothelial barrier function, and angiogenic responses to exogenous VEGF and tissue ischemia [2].
• To test this hypothesis we measured capillary density, and the expressions of VEGF, Ang-1, Ang-2, and the Tie-2 receptor and its phosphorylation state during repetitive episodes of myocardial ischemia in chronically instrumented canines [3].
• Immunohistochemical analysis revealed VEGF protein within ECs and smooth muscle cells of the venous bypass graft, with maximal levels observed within intimal hyperplasia at the arterial anastomosis [4].

Psychiatry related information on VEGFA

• Therefore, the results provide a theoretical basis for speculating that the cardiovascular-protective effects of moderate alcohol consumption may be partly mediated through VEGF-induced angiogenesis [5].

High impact information on VEGFA

• METHODS AND RESULTS: Dogs were subjected to ameroid-induced occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery and randomized to bFGF 1.74 mg (n = 9), VEGF 0.72 mg (n = 9), or saline (n = 10) as a daily left atrial bolus (days 10 to 16) [6].
• VEGF, an endothelial cell-specific mitogen and vascular permeability factor, could have deleterious effects related to vascular hyperpermeability [6].
• Comparative effects of basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor on coronary collateral development and the arterial response to injury [6].
• CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that intracoronary VEGF enhances the development of small coronary arteries supplying ischemic myocardium, resulting in marked augmentation of maximal collateral blood flow delivery [7].
• The upregulation of three known genes encoding stress-related proteins of vascular endothelial growth factor, BiP protein, and growth-arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein may be involved in possible cell survival in the damaged arteries [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of VEGFA

• Hypoxia caused an approximately fourfold increase in VEGF protein and mRNA expression, which could not be augmented with exogenous adenosine, A(2)R agonist (DPMA), or A(1)R agonist [1,3-diethyl-8-phenylxanthine (DPX)] [9].
• Mongrel dogs underwent left thoracotomy and direct myocardial injections (100 microL/injection) of adenovirus vectors (10(9) pfu) carrying the DNA for the reporter enzyme chloramphenicol acetyl transferase or the angiogenic protein vascular endothelial growth factor [10].
• Localization of integrin alpha(v)beta3 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (KDR/Flk-1) in cutaneous and oral melanomas of dog [11].

Biological context of VEGFA

• BACK GROUND AND PURPOSE: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a specific pro-angiogenic factor is proposed to be involved in cancer progression and resistance to radiation therapy by promoting angiogenesis and by protecting endothelial cells from radiation induced apoptosis [12].
• Immunohistochemical localization of VEGF and its receptors in the corpus luteum of the bitch during diestrus and anestrus [13].
• The aim of this study was to detect the presence of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) system in the bitch CL throughout diestrus and early anestrus [13].
• VEGF concentrations for all dogs after correcting for age, endostatin, and disease categories were associated with increased white blood cell count (P = .0032) and platelet counts (P = .0064) and decreased PCV (P = .0017) [14].
• Pericardial delivery of AdCMV.VEGF165 resulted in sustained (8-14 day) pericardial transgene expression, with VEGF levels peaking 3 days after infection (> 200 ng/ml) and decreasing thereafter [15].

Anatomical context of VEGFA

• The VEGF system expression could be detected in all diestrus stages in endothelial as well as luteal cells (responsible for blood vessel formation and progesterone production, respectively), indicating time dependent changes: immunostaining tended to increase from Day 10 to 50 and to decrease until Day 70 post-ovulation [13].
• METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied the effect of VEGF on collateral blood flow in dogs subjected to gradual occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) [7].
• In this study, we tested whether vascular smooth muscles cells (VSMCs) can express VEGF receptors, such as flk-1, flt-1, and neuropilin (NP)-1, and respond to VEGF in vitro [16].
• CONCLUSION: Adenoviral-mediated gene transfer is capable of inducing sustained VEGF165 expression in the pericardium; however, locally targeted pericardial VEGF delivery failed to improve myocardial collateral perfusion in this model [15].
• Both VEGF and Ang-2 expression in myocardial interstitial fluid (Western analyses) peaked at day 3 of the repetitive occlusions but waned thereafter [3].

Associations of VEGFA with chemical compounds

• CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that FG with VEGF at 1000 ng/mL and heparin at 5 U/mL is the optimal concentration for in vivo use because this may encourage EC, but not SMC, proliferation [17].
• Proliferation assays measuring tritiated thymidine incorporation were performed for ECs and SMCs plated in media with 10% serum on FG containing various concentrations of VEGF and heparin [17].
• METHODS: Release of VEGF labeled with iodine 125 and tritiated heparin from FG into the overlying media was serially measured over 96 hours, and the data are reported as the mean percent released +/- SD [17].
• Significant accumulation of VEGF mRNA occurred at the flexor tendon repair site at 7 days post-operatively, with peak levels seen at post-operative days 7 and 10 [18].
• We conclude that moderate levels of ethanol can induce VEGF expression and stimulate angiogenesis in chick CAM [5].

Other interactions of VEGFA

• OBJECTIVE: Angiogenic peptides like VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor) have entered clinical trials for coronary artery disease [15].
• We hypothesized that the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin (Ang)/Tie-2 were involved in capillary growth as an adaptation to ischemia [3].
• VEGF also increases the expression of the receptors, KDR and Flt-1, and activates the p44/42 MAP kinase pathway [19].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of VEGFA

• PATIENTS AND METHODS: For plasma VEGF analysis a human VEGF enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used [12].
• Modulations of VEGF and iNOS in the rat heart by low level laser therapy are associated with cardioprotection and enhanced angiogenesis [20].
• It is therefore, suggested, to use plasma VEGF as predictor for treatment outcome in radiation therapy [12].
• The present investigation had two aims: (1) to ascertain whether brief (7-day) systemic arterial treatment with bFGF or VEGF would improve myocardial collateral perfusion and (2) to determine whether these peptides induce neointimal accumulation in vivo [6].
• Beginning 10 days after placement of an LCx-constricting device, VEGF 45 micrograms (n = 9) or saline (n = 12) was administered daily via an indwelling catheter in the distal LCx, at a point just beyond the occlusion [7].

References