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MeSH Review

Pharmacists

 
 
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Disease relevance of Pharmacists

  • Most responders (64%) agreed that pharmacists could provide, without a prescription, a 3-day course of a vaginal cream containing 2% butoconazole for vaginal candidiasis in nonpregnant women and a rectal suppository containing steroids for hemorrhoid sufferers (61%) [1].
  • All patients were randomized by our clinical pharmacist to receive daily either 200 mg of fluconazole in isotonic saline (fluconazole group = 32) or isotonic saline alone (placebo group = 39) intravenously during the course of their septic shock [2].
  • Among all the sample's pharmacists, more than half feel migraine patients should try OTC drugs prior to prescription medications, only half ask patients about headache-related morbidity, and one-third feel migraine-specific medications should be reserved only for patients who initially fail nonspecific drugs [3].
  • Evaluation of the use of evidence-based angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor criteria for the treatment of congestive heart failure: opportunities for pharmacists to improve patient outcomes [4].
  • Greater effect of enhanced pharmacist care on cholesterol management in patients with diabetes mellitus: a planned subgroup analysis of the Study of Cardiovascular Risk Intervention by Pharmacists (SCRIP) [5].
 

Psychiatry related information on Pharmacists

 

High impact information on Pharmacists

  • Until such time that levothyroxine products become more uniform, physicians, pharmacists, and legislators should not encourage product switching [10].
  • Intervention patients received intensive management from clinical pharmacists, as well as from a diabetes care coordinator who provided diabetes education, applied algorithms for managing glucose control and decreasing cardiovascular risk factors, and addressed barriers to care [11].
  • Effect of community pharmacist intervention on cholesterol levels in patients at high risk of cardiovascular events: the Second Study of Cardiovascular Risk Intervention by Pharmacists (SCRIP-plus) [12].
  • A pharmacy survey disclosed that most pharmacists are unaware of the relationship of sustained-release niacin to hepatitis, have a negative impression of regular niacin, and do not stock this formulation [13].
  • Because there are approximately 100 over-the-counter (OTC) products available for self-treatment of acute diarrhea, it is difficult for consumers or even pharmacists and physicians to be sure which products are both safe and effective [14].
 

Chemical compound and disease context of Pharmacists

 

Biological context of Pharmacists

 

Anatomical context of Pharmacists

 

Associations of Pharmacists with chemical compounds

  • Oral ciprofloxacin and similar compounds present both opportunities and challenges for pharmacists [27].
  • The discovery of R278474 was the result of a coordinated multidisciplinary effort involving medicinal chemists, virologists, crystallographers, molecular modelers, toxicologists, analytical chemists, pharmacists, and many others [28].
  • This mandatory, but untested, programme promises to be effective at preventing fetal exposures to thalidomide, provided that patients, prescribers and pharmacists comply with all of its provisions [29].
  • METHODS: We conducted a case-control study on a population of pharmacists employed in hospital and community pharmacies across Portugal's Northern Regional Health Authority catchment area in 2003 [30].
  • By pharmacists, PB was delivered regularly [31].
 

Gene context of Pharmacists

 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Pharmacists

  • The clinical pharmacist is an integral member of the Docent team at the University of Missouri--Kansas City School of Medicine with duties in both teaching and patient care [36].
  • PARTICIPANTS: A total of 484 smokers were enrolled by the pharmacists and individually randomized into the PAS intervention group (N = 265) or the control group (N = 219) [37].
  • The Rx-to-OTC switch for H2-blockers may benefit many, although not all, patients with acid peptic complaints, and it offers pharmacists an opportunity to demonstrate their willingness and ability to assist in the use of cost-effective OTC drug therapy [38].
  • Patients in phase 2 received intravenous theophylline, with all dosing regimens being based on prospective therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) by a clinical pharmacist [39].
  • METHODS: A national survey was developed and sent to pharmacist members of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.) and members of the Home Care Section of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) [40].

References

  1. New York State primary care physicians' attitudes to community pharmacists' clinical services. Bailie, G.R., Romeo, B. Arch. Intern. Med. (1996) [Pubmed]
  2. Fluconazole improves survival in septic shock: a randomized double-blind prospective study. Jacobs, S., Price Evans, D.A., Tariq, M., Al Omar, N.F. Crit. Care Med. (2003) [Pubmed]
  3. Migraine therapy: a survey of pharmacists' knowledge, attitudes, and practice patterns. Wenzel, R.G., Lipton, R.B., Diamond, M.L., Cady, R. Headache. (2005) [Pubmed]
  4. Evaluation of the use of evidence-based angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor criteria for the treatment of congestive heart failure: opportunities for pharmacists to improve patient outcomes. Pearson, G.J., Cooke, C., Simmons, W.K., Sketris, I. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics. (2001) [Pubmed]
  5. Greater effect of enhanced pharmacist care on cholesterol management in patients with diabetes mellitus: a planned subgroup analysis of the Study of Cardiovascular Risk Intervention by Pharmacists (SCRIP). Simpson, S.H., Johnson, J.A., Biggs, R.S., Tsuyuki, R.T. Pharmacotherapy (2004) [Pubmed]
  6. Lithium Information Center. One model of a computer-based psychiatric information service. Carroll, J.A., Greist, J.H., Jefferson, J.W., Baudhuin, M.G., Hartley, B.L., Erdman, H.P., Ackerman, D.L. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry (1986) [Pubmed]
  7. Pharmacists' role in a smoking-cessation program at a health maintenance organization. Baluch, W.M. American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. (1995) [Pubmed]
  8. Preventing burnout: an alternative approach. Huff, M.R., Williams, L., Crothers, R.W., Driver, P.S., Endo, R.K., Manske, T.A., Sasich, L. Hospital pharmacy. (1983) [Pubmed]
  9. Development of a community pharmacy-based model to identify and treat OTC drug abuse/misuse: a pilot study. Fleming, G.F., McElnay, J.C., Hughes, C.M. Pharmacy world & science : PWS. (2004) [Pubmed]
  10. Potency of brand name and generic levothyroxine. Stoffer, S.S., Szpunar, W.E. JAMA (1980) [Pubmed]
  11. A randomized trial of a primary care-based disease management program to improve cardiovascular risk factors and glycated hemoglobin levels in patients with diabetes. Rothman, R.L., Malone, R., Bryant, B., Shintani, A.K., Crigler, B., Dewalt, D.A., Dittus, R.S., Weinberger, M., Pignone, M.P. Am. J. Med. (2005) [Pubmed]
  12. Effect of community pharmacist intervention on cholesterol levels in patients at high risk of cardiovascular events: the Second Study of Cardiovascular Risk Intervention by Pharmacists (SCRIP-plus). Tsuyuki, R.T., Olson, K.L., Dubyk, A.M., Schindel, T.J., Johnson, J.A. Am. J. Med. (2004) [Pubmed]
  13. Niacin revisited: clinical observations on an important but underutilized drug. Henkin, Y., Oberman, A., Hurst, D.C., Segrest, J.P. Am. J. Med. (1991) [Pubmed]
  14. Over-the-counter antidiarrheal medications used for the self-treatment of acute nonspecific diarrhea. Dukes, G.E. Am. J. Med. (1990) [Pubmed]
  15. Organization of a health-system pharmacy team to respond to episodes of terrorism. Cohen, V. American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. (2003) [Pubmed]
  16. Early use of oral theophylline in hospitalized chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: cost-containment through medical education. Self, T.H., Ellis, R.F., Davis, H.L., Lee, M.D. Drug intelligence & clinical pharmacy. (1985) [Pubmed]
  17. Pharmacist interventions to improve prescribing of vancomycin and tobramycin. Fletcher, C.V., Giese, R.M., Rodman, J.H. American journal of hospital pharmacy. (1986) [Pubmed]
  18. Aminoglycoside monitoring program. Vakoutis, J., Stein, G.E., Miller, P.B., Clayman, A.E. American journal of hospital pharmacy. (1981) [Pubmed]
  19. Nursing treatment of patients with chronic leg ulcers in the community. Roe, B.H., Griffiths, J.M., Kenrick, M., Cullum, N.A., Hutton, J.L. Journal of clinical nursing. (1994) [Pubmed]
  20. The National Lipid Association surveys of consumers, physicians, and pharmacists regarding an over-the-counter statin in the United States: is this a good idea? McKenney, J.M., Brown, W.V., Cohen, J.D., Cahill, E. Am. J. Cardiol. (2004) [Pubmed]
  21. Baseline and phosphoramide mustard-induced sister-chromatid exchanges in pharmacists handling anti-cancer drugs. McDiarmid, M.A., Kolodner, K., Humphrey, F., Putman, D., Jacobson-Kram, D. Mutat. Res. (1992) [Pubmed]
  22. Evaluation of a pharmacy-based surveillance program for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Andreescu, A.C., Possidente, C., Hsieh, M., Cushman, M. Pharmacotherapy (2000) [Pubmed]
  23. Public Health Service evolves to meet nation's needs: pharmacists play pivotal roles in PHS history. Young, D. American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. (2006) [Pubmed]
  24. Nephrology pharmaceutical care preceptorship: a programmatic and clinical outcomes assessment. Matzke, G.R., St Peter, W.L., Comstock, T.J., Foote, E.F. The Annals of pharmacotherapy. (2000) [Pubmed]
  25. Measurement of chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchange, hprt mutations, and DNA adducts in peripheral lymphocytes of human populations at increased risk for cancer. Jacobson-Kram, D., Albertini, R.J., Branda, R.F., Falta, M.T., Iype, P.T., Kolodner, K., Liou, S.H., McDiarmid, M.A., Morris, M., Nicklas, J.A. Environ. Health Perspect. (1993) [Pubmed]
  26. A nationwide investigation of a possible protamine drug-product defect. Herrera, C.R., Grasela, T.H., Walawander, C.A. The Annals of pharmacotherapy. (1992) [Pubmed]
  27. Economic impact of oral ciprofloxacin. A pharmacist's perspective. Barriere, S.L. Am. J. Med. (1987) [Pubmed]
  28. In search of a novel anti-HIV drug: multidisciplinary coordination in the discovery of 4-[[4-[[4-[(1E)-2-cyanoethenyl]-2,6-dimethylphenyl]amino]-2- pyrimidinyl]amino]benzonitrile (R278474, rilpivirine). Janssen, P.A., Lewi, P.J., Arnold, E., Daeyaert, F., de Jonge, M., Heeres, J., Koymans, L., Vinkers, M., Guillemont, J., Pasquier, E., Kukla, M., Ludovici, D., Andries, K., de Béthune, M.P., Pauwels, R., Das, K., Clark, A.D., Frenkel, Y.V., Hughes, S.H., Medaer, B., De Knaep, F., Bohets, H., De Clerck, F., Lampo, A., Williams, P., Stoffels, P. J. Med. Chem. (2005) [Pubmed]
  29. The return of thalidomide: can birth defects be prevented? Lary, J.M., Daniel, K.L., Erickson, J.D., Roberts, H.E., Moore, C.A. Drug safety : an international journal of medical toxicology and drug experience. (1999) [Pubmed]
  30. Influence of pharmacists' attitudes on adverse drug reaction reporting : a case-control study in Portugal. Herdeiro, M.T., Figueiras, A., Polónia, J., Gestal-Otero, J.J. Drug safety : an international journal of medical toxicology and drug experience. (2006) [Pubmed]
  31. Antiepileptic therapies in the Mifi Province in Cameroon. Preux, P.M., Tiemagni, F., Fodzo, L., Kandem, P., Ngouafong, P., Ndonko, F., Macharia, W., Dongmo, L., Dumas, M. Epilepsia (2000) [Pubmed]
  32. Clinical applications of colony-stimulating factors: a historical perspective. Sylvester, R.K. American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. (2002) [Pubmed]
  33. Evaluation of patient-specific computer-generated drug information monographs. Groh, H.L., Peters, L.L., Young, W.W. Hospital pharmacy. (1987) [Pubmed]
  34. An update on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pleasants, R.A., Haden, D. The Consultant pharmacist : the journal of the American Society of Consultant Pharmacists. (2005) [Pubmed]
  35. A survey on factors that could affect adverse drug reaction reporting according to hospital pharmacists in Great Britain. Sweis, D., Wong, I.C. Drug safety : an international journal of medical toxicology and drug experience. (2000) [Pubmed]
  36. The role of the clinical pharmacist in medical education. Covinsky, J.O. Journal of clinical pharmacology. (1981) [Pubmed]
  37. A randomized controlled trial of a smoking cessation intervention based in community pharmacies. Maguire, T.A., McElnay, J.C., Drummond, A. Addiction (2001) [Pubmed]
  38. Over-the-counter histamine2-blocker therapy. Gonzalez, E.R., Grillo, J.A. The Annals of pharmacotherapy. (1994) [Pubmed]
  39. Impact of therapeutic drug monitoring of intravenous theophylline regimens on serum theophylline concentrations in the medical intensive care unit. Dager, W.E., Albertson, T.E. The Annals of pharmacotherapy. (1992) [Pubmed]
  40. Evaluation of board certification in nutrition support pharmacy. Ebiasah, R.P., Schneider, P.J., Pedersen, C.A., Mirtallo, J.M. JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition. (2002) [Pubmed]
 
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