Disease relevance of Endoplasmic Reticulum, Smooth

• These changes were associated with signs of hepatic microsomal enzyme induction (in particular a 2-fold increase in liver bilirubin UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity and hypertrophy of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the hepatocytes) [1].
• Infectious bronchitis virus 3a protein localizes to a novel domain of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum [2].
• Incubation of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells with oxotremorine-M resulted in a time-dependent endocytosis of both muscarinic receptors and alpha subunits of G0 and G11, but not of isoforms of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C, into a subfraction of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (V1) [3].
• Ultrastructural and cytochemical examinations of the biopsy specimens showed hyperplasia of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and increased canallicular activity of gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT) activity in most subjects towards the end of and after the ethanol intake period [4].
• In 4-week-old rats clofibrate-dependent changes (hepatomegaly, induction of hepatic microsomal and peroxisomal enzymes, proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisomes of hepatocytes) were slight in both sexes [5].

Psychiatry related information on Endoplasmic Reticulum, Smooth

• This fact, as well as the discovery of the proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) after chronic alcohol consumption, suggested the existence of an additional pathway which was then described by Lieber and DeCarli, namely the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS), involving cytochrome P450 [6].

High impact information on Endoplasmic Reticulum, Smooth

• This conclusion failed to support the current theory from biochemical studies that albumin is synthesized by bound ribosomes, discharged into the cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, and transported to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and then to the Golgi apparatus [7].
• Furthermore, hepatic hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase activity rose 2.6-fold (from 150.3 to 397.0 pmol/mg per min) during cholestanol feeding, and was associated with a marked proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the centrilobular areas [8].
• Our findings suggest that taurolithocholate affects composition and function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and that its action is not limited to the liver plasma membrane [9].
• These results suggest that the conspicuous proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in perivenular hepatocytes in response to phenobarbital administration, which is characteristic of adult liver, does not occur in early postnatal mice but becomes manifest during postnatal development [10].
• Ethanol with a normal vitamin A diet produced the expected proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and moderate mitochondrial lesions [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Endoplasmic Reticulum, Smooth

• Electron microscopy of liver tissue obtained from 2 patients before phenobarbital therapy showed hypertrophy and hyperplasia of smooth endoplasmic reticulum with unusual prominence of the Golgi apparatus and focal modification of the cell surface membranes [12].
• Stereology showed that ZG cell hypertrophy was mainly due to the increase in the volume of the mitochondrial compartment and to the proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (i.e., the two organelles in which the enzymes of steroid synthesis are contained) [13].
• Diffuse hepatocellular hypertrophy with granular cytoplasmic eosinophilia characterized by a marked increase in peroxisomes and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, was observed in the clofibrate treated rats [14].
• It is postulated that diphenylhydantoin sensitivity produced swollen hepatocytes with hypertrophy of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, reducing hepatic sinusoidal blood flow and the clearance of secondary bile salts [15].
• ACTH treatment caused a notable cell hypertrophy, which was mainly due to the increase in the volume of the mitochondrial compartment and to smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) proliferation, and a conspicuous rise in the basal level of corticosterone [16].

Biological context of Endoplasmic Reticulum, Smooth

• Beta,beta'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) produces a rearrangement of axoplasmic organelles with displacement of microtubules, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria toward the center and of neurofilaments toward the periphery of the axon, whereas the rate of the fast component of axonal transport is unchanged [17].
• Thus smooth microsomes are apparently capable of interacting with polysomes bearing secretory nascent chains, and cleavage and asparagine-linked glycosylation activities are present in both rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum [18].
• These data indicate a greater concentration of binding sites for PGE2 than PGF2 alpha in the normal skin smooth endoplasmic reticulum [19].
• A potential for drug interactions often exists because rifampicin is a potent inducer of hepatic drug metabolism, as evidenced by a proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and an increase in the cytochrome P450 content in the liver [20].
• When histone was added along with the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, cyclic AMP stimulated protein phosphorylation [21].

Anatomical context of Endoplasmic Reticulum, Smooth

• The smooth endoplasmic reticulum in hepatocytes of early postnatal and adult ddY male mice injected with phenobarbital was analyzed stereologically [10].
• In treated animals, double-membraned loops with negative catalase reaction in their lumen, resembling smooth endoplasmic reticulum segments as well as myelin-like figures, were noted in the proximity of some peroxisomes [22].
• Biochemical and genetic studies indicate that the flailer protein competes with wild-type MyoVA in vivo, preventing the localization of smooth endoplasmic reticulum vesicles in the dendritic spines of cerebellar Purkinje cells [23].
• Fractionation of light-membrane fractions using discontinuous sucrose-gradients revealed association of Bcl-2 protein primarily with lighter-density microsomes (smooth endoplasmic reticulum) as opposed to heavy-density microsomes (rough endoplasmic reticulum) [24].
• After just 4 days of exposure to melatonin, MCF-7 cells exhibited reduced numbers of surface microvilli, nuclear swelling, cytoplasmic and ribosomal shedding, disruption of mitochondrial cristae, vesiculation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and an increase in the numbers of autophagic vacuoles [25].

Associations of Endoplasmic Reticulum, Smooth with chemical compounds

• Reaction product often filled portions of the tubular smooth endoplasmic reticulum in these processes [26].
• Lovastatin, an inhibitor of cholesterol synthesis, induces hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase directly on membranes of expanded smooth endoplasmic reticulum in rat hepatocytes [27].
• However, it is not clear whether these two effect are correlated, since the level of the microsomal enzymes of steroid biosynthesis may vary independently of either the amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum or the level of androgen secretion [28].
• Adriamycin treatment resulted in a decrease in the amount of ribonucleoprotein and smooth endoplasmic reticulum isolated from the cells as compared to untreated cells [29].
• After 2 weeks of either cheno or ursodeoxycholic acid feeding, the livers of the treated rats revealed marked proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum which appeared as an adaptation phenomenon of the microsomal enzyme system in response to bile acid intake [30].

Gene context of Endoplasmic Reticulum, Smooth

• This RPE65-phospholipid liposome association may explain the solubilization characteristics of RPE65 and may be related to the function of RPE65 and to its physical association with the RPE smooth endoplasmic reticulum [31].
• Electron microscopy revealed the presence of well-developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum, few lipid droplets and mitochondria with less organized tubular structures in the ArKO luteinized interstitial cells [32].
• However, new data indicate that MTP is required to produce triglyceride rich droplets in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum which may supply the core lipids for conversion of nascent, dense apoB-48 particles to mature VLDL [33].
• Furthermore, we found that syntaxin 17 is anchored to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum through an unusual mechanism, requiring two adjacent hydrophobic domains near its carboxyl terminus [34].
• The antiviral dynamin family member, MxA, tubulates lipids and localizes to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Endoplasmic Reticulum, Smooth

• By electron microscopy, strong electron-dense deposits were observed mostly on vesicles of the Golgi apparatus (GA) and, sometimes, in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) [36].
• After freeze-substitution, numerous lumenless membrane-bound sacs arrayed in multilamellar stacks appear to replace the abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum found after chemical fixation [37].
• Profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus appeared normal by transmission electron microscopy [38].
• The migration of SMF during gradient ultracentrifugation as well as kinetic studies indicated that the fraction was derived from a pre-Golgi compartment, probably the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) [39].
• Confocal microscopy demonstrated that IBV 3a puncta lined up along smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubules and, in a significant number of instances, were partially surrounded by these tubules [2].

References