Disease relevance of Behavior Therapy

• Weight-loss medications including sibutramine facilitate weight control in adults and could be used with obese adolescents in combination with behavior therapy (BT) [1].
• Disease risk is higher in patients with malignancies, hepatitis C virus infection, those who present late, when norethisterone is used to prevent menstruation, and when broad-spectrum antibiotics and antifungals are used during and after the conditioning therapy [2].
• Eight consecutive patients with relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or Hodgkin's disease received conditioning therapy with BCNU, etoposide, cytosine arabinoside and melphalan (BEAM) followed by autologous blood stem cell transplantation (ABSCT) [3].
• Between February 1998 and October 1999, 24 patients with advanced leukemia, lymphoma or solid tumors received G-CSF mobilized peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) from HLA-matched sibling donors after dose-reduced conditioning therapy [4].
• During the first two periods pimozide almost significantly enhanced the weight gain induced by the behavior therapy program and beneficially influenced the patients' attitude towards treatment [5].

Psychiatry related information on Behavior Therapy

• INTERVENTIONS--Smoking intervention: intensive 12-session smoking cessation program combining behavior modification and use of nicotine gum, with continuing 5-year maintenance program to minimize relapse [6].
• OBJECTIVES: To compare the effectiveness of disulfiram therapy with that of a placebo condition in reducing cocaine use and to compare the effectiveness of 2 active behavioral therapies-cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT)-in reducing cocaine use [7].
• CONCLUSIONS: Sibutramine was an effective and well-tolerated adjunct to behavior modification for weight loss in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder being treated with olanzapine [8].
• The addition of intensive behavior therapy to the optimal dose of haloperidol yielded further improvements in functional behavior, such as self-care and social interaction [9].
• These findings suggest that dopamine D2-mediated signaling contributes physiological inhibition of extinction, and that D2 antagonists may be useful adjuncts to behavior therapy of human anxiety disorders [10].

High impact information on Behavior Therapy

• Five medications--bupropion, nicotine gum, nicotine inhaler, nicotine nasal spray, and nicotine patch--and one proven psychosocial therapy (behavior therapy) appear equally effective and safe; i.e., they all double quit rates and are associated with a less than 5% dropout rate due to adverse events [11].
• RESULTS: Behavior therapy responders had significant (P < .05) bilateral decreases in caudate glucose metabolic rates that were greater than those seen in poor responders to treatment [12].
• Patients who received fenfluramine hydrochloride alone lost 14.5 kg, ad those who had combined pharmacotherapy and behavior therapy lost 15.3 kg; both losses were significantly greater than that of those who had behavior therapy alone (10.9 kg) [13].
• Conditioning therapy consisted of alemtuzumab, fludarabine, and melphalan [14].
• Itraconazole (intravenous 200 mg daily, or oral solution 2.5 mg/kg 3 times daily) and fluconazole (intravenous or oral, 400 mg daily) were administered with the start of conditioning therapy, until at least 120 days after SCT [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Behavior Therapy

• High-dose melphalan appears to be a valuable agent for conditioning therapy in AML [16].
• A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine plus behavior modification in the treatment of obese binge-eaters and non-binge-eaters [17].
• Use of the amobarbital interview to determine appropriate behavior therapy [18].
• Each patient was randomly allocated to receive either pharmacotherapy with fluvoxamine 200 mg/day (n = 4) or behavior therapy (n = 6) for 12 weeks [19].
• Long-term weight control study. I (weeks 0 to 34). The enhancement of behavior modification, caloric restriction, and exercise by fenfluramine plus phentermine versus placebo [20].

Biological context of Behavior Therapy

• The authors conclude that phenelzine can be an effective treatment for selective mutism, but because of the possibility of serious food and drug interactions and the necessary dietary restrictions, it should be reserved for cases that do not respond to behavior therapy and fluoxetine or other specific serotonin reuptake inhibitors [21].
• Finally, neurosurgery still merits consideration for the tiny minority of patients who are incapacitated by OCD and unresponsive to serotonin reuptake inhibitors and behavior therapy [22].
• Both types of practitioners considered the nicotine patch, formal cessation programs, and behavior modification/psychotherapy to be among the most effective cessation methods, and nicotine gum and acupuncture to be among the least effective [23].
• The unpredictable intestinal absorption and erratic bioavailability of oral busulfan (Bu) has limited the drug's use in high-dose pretransplantation conditioning therapy [24].

Anatomical context of Behavior Therapy

• Induction of GvHR-like symptoms appeared to be correlated with reactivated viral infections after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) or, like in animal models, was due to specific conditioning therapy with cyclophosphamide [25].
• CONCLUSION: Donor T cells facilitate bone marrow engraftment under nonmyeloablative and irradiation-free conditioning therapy, and the blocking the CD40/CD154 pathway can replace donor T cells to promote TDBM engraftment [26].
• Umbilical cord blood transplant for adult patients with severe aplastic anemia using anti-lymphocyte globulin and cyclophosphamide as conditioning therapy [27].
• The increased plasma level of thrombomodulin after conditioning therapy is therefore discussed as a marker of endothelial cell injury [28].
• The effects of behavior modification vs lithium therapy on frontal lobe syndrome [29].

Gene context of Behavior Therapy

• Serum analysis of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) levels during conditioning therapy was also performed [30].
• Six patients were autografted with the IL-3/GM-CSF-exposed blood stem cells following high-dose conditioning therapy [31].
• PAI-1 levels were analyzed prior to conditioning therapy and then weekly until eight weeks after HSCT [32].
• Measurements of protein C, protein S, and AT III levels were obtained prior to conditioning therapy and weekly thereafter for 2-3 weeks [33].
• Plasma antioxidant status was measured before conditioning therapy and serially at days 1, 3, 7, 10, and 14 after BMT [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Behavior Therapy

• We added phenylpropanolamine OROS (Acutrim; Ciba-Geigy Corp.) or placebo to a physician-managed behavior modification, mild caloric restriction, and exercise weight control program [35].
• A total of 10 patients were assigned to the control group receiving behavior modification, and 15 patients were assigned to the treatment group receiving behavior modification plus oxybutynin [36].
• Pimozide combined with behavior therapy in the short-term treatment of anorexia nervosa. A double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study [5].
• In addition, this study provides further evidence that cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation, as used in these patients, may be inadequate conditioning therapy for BMT [37].
• It is concluded that second allogeneic BMT can lead to prolonged disease-free survival and that TBI/melphalan may be a suitable conditioning therapy for second BMT in patients relapsing after BU/CY [38].

References