Disease relevance of Lolium

• Nasal sensitivity to rye grass pollen allergens was evaluated by provocation testing in patients with hay fever due to grass pollen using measurements of nasal airways resistance (NAR), a reproducible system for delivery of allergen, and stringent criteria for allergen storage [1].
• Tunicamycin belongs to a group of antibiotics which can cause severe a nd often fatal neurological malfunction in animals, commonly known as "annual ryegrass toxicity." At the cellular level, tunicamycin is a potent glycosylation inhibitor which is often used to elucidate the importance of glycosylation in protein functions [2].
• The survival of Cryptosporidium parvum during ensilage of perennial ryegrass was examined in laboratory silos with herbage prepared in one of three different ways; either untreated, inoculated with a strain of Lactobacillus plantarum or by direct acidification with formic acid [3].
• Fibrobacter succinogenes monocultures and cocultures with B. fibrisolvens D1 degraded 58-69% of ryegrass CW, solubilizing 67-78% of CW glucose, 65-71% of CW xylose, 69-75% of hemicellulose, and 68-77% of total CW monosaccharides [4].
• Annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) parasitised by Anguina agrostis and Corynebacterium rathayi causes neurological signs and brain lesions thought to be associated with a vasoconstrictor effect of the toxic grass [5].

Psychiatry related information on Lolium

• The possibility that a murine monoclonal antibody (mAb 12) to Rye grass pollen allergen LolpIV and LolpIV-specific antibodies in the sera of grass allergic individuals share a common idiotope (Id) was investigated [6].

High impact information on Lolium

• A major allergen of rye-grass pollen, Lol pIX, is located in intracellular starch granules within pollen grains [7].
• Deletion of a second NADPH oxidase gene, noxB, had no effect on the E. festucae-perennial ryegrass symbiosis [8].
• The transgenic ryegrass plants in which Lol p 5 gene expression is perturbed showed normal fertile pollen development, indicating that genetic engineering of hypoallergenic grass plants is possible [9].
• In contrast, we were unable to detect rye grass tetramer-positive cells in cultures from HLA-DR*0401 nonallergic individuals, even after expansion with IL-2 [10].
• Thus, our results suggest that rye grass allergen-specific T cells in DR*0401 nonallergic subjects are present at very low levels (e.g., because of deletion or suppression), differ in a fundamental way in their requirement for ex vivo expansion (e.g., they may be anergic), or use TCRs distinct from those of allergic individuals [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Lolium

• Ultrastructural changes in the cerebellum of nursling rats given corynetoxin, the aetiological agent of annual ryegrass toxicity [11].
• Treatment of ovine annual ryegrass toxicity with chlordiazepoxide: a field evaluation [12].

Biological context of Lolium

• Therefore, it can be expected that down-regulation of Lol p 5 production can significantly reduce the allergic potential of ryegrass pollen [9].
• Complete amino acid sequence of a Lolium perenne (perennial rye grass) pollen allergen, Lol p II [13].
• Hydrolysis of ribonucleoside 3'-diphosphates by rye grass 3'-nucleotidase [14].
• Vernalization response in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) involves orthologues of diploid wheat (Triticum monococcum) VRN1 and rice (Oryza sativa) Hd1 [15].
• In this study, three candidate genes for vernalization response genes in perennial ryegrass were identified based on DNA sequence homology to TmVRN1 and TmVRN2 of diploid wheat (Triticum monococcum), and Hd1 of rice (Oryza sativa) [15].

Anatomical context of Lolium

• We identified the major antigenic epitope of rye grass allergen Lol p 1 in HLA-DRB1*0401 individuals using HLA-DR*0401 transgenic mice and peripheral blood cells from HLA-DR*0401 individuals [10].
• Effect of corynetoxin isolated from parasitized annual ryegrass on albumin and transferrin synthesis and secretion by cultured fetal rat hepatocytes [16].
• Less aggregation occurred when house dust mite and perennial ryegrass extract-activated sera were added to human neutrophils [17].
• We have used peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from controls and subjects allergic to rye grass and cultured them with L. perenne extract (LPE) and Lol p I and measured lymphocyte activation using thymidine incorporation [18].
• Intracellular membranes from protoplasts of Italian-ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) endosperm cells have been fractionated on sucrose density gradients and identified on the basis of putative-marker-enzyme assays [19].

Associations of Lolium with chemical compounds

• The membrane-bound beta-glucan synthase from Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) endosperm cells has been solubilized by both non-ionic and zwitterionic detergents [20].
• The beta-glucan synthase from Lolium multiflorum. Detergent solubilization, purification using monoclonal antibodies, and photoaffinity labeling with a novel photoreactive pyrimidine analogue of uridine 5'-diphosphoglucose [20].
• Associations between perennial ryegrass and an E. festucae mutant deleted for perA lack detectable levels of peramine [21].
• Ryegrass antigen evoked mean rises in nasal blood flow of 30% to 100% after 10 and 30 minutes that were significant, relative to prechallenge levels and to levels after diluent challenge, both before and after EPA [22].
• These results emphasize the importance of G-OXOs in H(2)O(2) production in oxalate-producing plant species such as ryegrass [23].

Gene context of Lolium

• Rye grass extract, neither alone nor in combination with OSM, induced PGE(2) or NO production, although it did induce the release of GM-CSF [24].
• RESULTS: After stimulation with HDM allergen, PBMCs from children sensitized only to HDM expressed increased mRNA levels of the Th2 cytokines, but not of IL-10 and IFN-gamma, whereas ryegrass stimulation did not result in increased cytokine expression [25].
• We have therefore examined spontaneous, rye grass pollen-stimulated, and PHA-stimulated secretion of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-gamma in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from atopic asthmatic, atopic non-asthmatic and normal controls in and out of the rye grass pollen season [26].
• The deduced amino acid sequence of the cim 1 protein product, derived from the complete nucleotide sequence of a cim 1 cDNA, was 40% identical to that of a perennial rye grass pollen allergen cDNA (Lol Pl) [27].
• Human rye grass allergen Lol p I-specific cloned CD4+ T helper cells of subtypes Th0, Th1, and Th2 were treated with immobilized anti-CD3 [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Lolium

• The molecular cloning of the cDNA encoding for an isoallergenic form of Lol p II, a major rye grass (Lolium perenne) pollen allergen, was performed by polymerase chain reaction amplification on mRNA extracted from pollen [29].
• Sequence analysis of a pollen-specific cDNA from maize has identified a homolog (Zea mI) of the gene (Lol pI) encoding the major allergen of rye-grass pollen [30].
• Rapid purification of the main allergen of Lolium perenne by high-performance liquid chromatography [31].
• A microtitre plate based radioimmunoassay (RIA) to measure semiquantitatively allergen specific IgA antibodies is described, with optimal coupling conditions for 3 allergens, house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pternoyssinus), rye grass pollen and cow's milk, and the optimal serum and [125I]anti-IgA incubation conditions [32].
• This paper details the results of experiments which have assessed the specificity of IgG1 binding to allergens of dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne) pollen by inhibition ELISA in the sera of 2-year-old children of atopic parents [33].

References