Disease relevance of Genetic Engineering

• We have used genetic engineering of the geldanamycin polyketide synthase (GdmPKS) gene cluster in Streptomyces hygroscopicus to modify geldanamycin at such positions [1].
• A series of NH2-terminal truncated forms of human cysteine proteinase inhibitor, cystatin A, was prepared by genetic engineering using Escherichia coli harboring mutated genes [2].
• By using genetic engineering techniques, this cysteine was substituted with threonine in chicken gizzard HMM, and that mutant HMM and unmutated HMM were expressed in biochemical quantities using a baculovirus system [3].
• Ethanol synthesis by genetic engineering in cyanobacteria [4].
• Increased production of zeaxanthin and other pigments by application of genetic engineering techniques to Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 [5].

High impact information on Genetic Engineering

• Genetic engineering techniques also have been used to replace cysteine residues in proteins with selenocysteine [6].
• Our study show that an allergen from a food known to be allergenic can be transferred into another food by genetic engineering [7].
• In plants, the xanthophyll cycle (the reversible interconversion of two carotenoids, violaxanthin and zeaxanthin) has a key photoprotective role and is therefore a promising target for genetic engineering to enhance stress tolerance [8].
• Genetic engineering. TNF production licensed [9].
• Genetic engineering. Tryptophan under suspicion [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Genetic Engineering

• According to recent studies on protein chemistry and genetic engineering, replacement of the Val30 residue of prealbumin by methionine is believed to play a critical role in the formation of amyloid deposit and the pathogenesis of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) [11].
• Based on the analogy of the responses of humans to allergens and HIV-1, the following hypotheses is suggested: (a) Removal of allergen-like domains from viral genes by genetic engineering may provide viral proteins for vaccine development [12].
• Through genetic engineering, appropriate combinations of enzymes have been brought together in Escherichia coli and yeast to generate 1,2-propanediol from glucose [13].
• Generation of new epothilones by genetic engineering of a polyketide synthase in Myxococcus xanthus [14].
• Mechanism of cardiac fibrosis by angiotensin. New insight revealed by genetic engineering [15].

Biological context of Genetic Engineering

• Plasmid RP4 as a vector replicor in genetic engineering [16].
• Ability of the hydrophobic FGF and basic TAT peptides to promote cellular uptake of recombinant Cre recombinase: a tool for efficient genetic engineering of mammalian genomes [17].
• These results suggest that TNF-alpha induces apoptosis in neuronal cells by a pathway that involves formation of reactive oxygen intermediates and which can be blocked by specific genetic interventions [18].
• One of the major developments in exploring structure activity relationships of the glycoprotein hormone family was the genetic engineering of single chains comprised of the common alpha subunit and one or more of the hormone-specific beta subunits tandemly arranged [19].
• These results indicate that induction of Slug by autocrine production of SCF and c-Kit activation plays a key role in conferring a broad spectrum chemoresistance on MM cells and reveal a novel signal transduction pathway for pharmacological or genetic intervention of MM patients [20].

Anatomical context of Genetic Engineering

• These data suggest that type 1 diabetes could be prevented in individuals expressing MHC alleles associated with susceptibility to disease by restoration of protective MHC class II expression through genetic engineering of hematopoietic stem cells [21].
• Generation of soluble T-cell receptor (TCR) molecules by a variety of genetic engineering methods has been hampered by inefficient pairing of alpha and beta subunits in the absence of their respective transmembrane regions and associated CD3 components [22].
• Commercially available 125I-labeled erythropoietin, obtained by genetic engineering from a human gene, was used to characterize receptors for this hormone on the cell surface of rat erythroid progenitor cells [23].
• The genetic engineering of donor lymphocytes with the herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) suicide gene confers the ability to modulate GvHD by invivo ganciclovir-induced elimination of the transduced cells [24].
• Although primary malignant diseases of the mediastinum, chest wall, and pleura are rare, the interest in investigational activity in mesothelioma and thymoma has increased because of new technologies such as magnetic resonance imaging, monoclonal antibody testing, thoracoscopy, and genetic engineering [25].

Associations of Genetic Engineering with chemical compounds

• Genetic engineering patents. Contest in prospect over interferon rights [26].
• For this reason, the glycine betaine biosynthesis pathway has become a target for genetic engineering of stress tolerance in crop plants [27].
• The cloning of caffeine biosynthesis genes opens up the possibility of using genetic engineering to produce naturally decaffeinated tea and coffee [28].
• Our results define a commercially viable strategy for the genetic engineering of phytate-free grain and provide insights into the role of inositol polyphosphate kinases in phosphate signaling biology [29].
• To investigate structure-function relationships in t-PA, we deleted the NH2-terminal domains, finger and epidermal growth factor, by genetic engineering [30].

Gene context of Genetic Engineering

• We found that both of these genetic interventions produced a several-fold increase in the lifespan of Lama2(-/-) mice [31].
• Truncation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 5 at the carboxy-terminal domain, either by genetic engineering or by proteolytic cleavage, results in generation of dominant-negative forms [32].
• We have now used genetic engineering to introduce these residues into mouse MT-1 [33].
• Genetic engineering of these cells to express hCD152-hCD59, a chimeric molecule designed to block CD86 in cis, was accompanied by a reduction in susceptibility to human NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity [34].
• The cloning of PKD1 and PKD2 in recent years has provided the initial steps in defining the mechanisms underlying renal cyst formation in this condition, with the aim of defining pharmacological and genetic interventions that may ameliorate the diverse and often serious clinical manifestations of this disease [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Genetic Engineering

• We review recent studies that have used molecular biology and genetic engineering techniques such as in situ hybridization, transgenic animal, and antisense oligonucleotide gene-targeting methodologies to characterize the function of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) system genes in stress [36].
• We performed genetic engineering to fuse enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) to the N terminus of RTA, expressed the fusion protein in Escherichia coli, purified and reassociated EGFP-RTA with plant RTB, and purified EGFP-ricin by size exclusion HPLC [37].
• A genetic engineering approach is described for directed immobilization of IgG-binding receptors to a thiol-containing matrix using a single cysteine residue [38].
• RECENT FINDINGS: Numerous strategies, including the genetic engineering of allergens for reduction of allergenic activity, have been developed to improve allergen-specific immunotherapy [39].
• Some dispute the normative force of this distinction by arguing that it is undercut by the legitimate medical use of human gene transfer techniques to prevent disease-such as genetic engineering to bolster immune function, improve the efficiency of DNA repair, or add cellular receptors to capture and process cholesterol [40].

References