Disease relevance of Mucociliary Clearance

• Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD, MIM 242650) is characterized by recurrent infections of the respiratory tract due to reduced mucociliary clearance and by sperm immobility [1].
• In human airways, extracellular adenosine regulates epithelial functions supporting mucociliary clearance, an important airway defense mechanism against bacterial infection [2].
• We tested the hypothesis that recombinant human deoxyribonuclease 1 (rhDNase) reduces airflow obstruction and improves mucociliary clearance in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), and that improvements seen in FEV1 and FVC after rhDNase treatment are independent of chest physical therapy (CPT) [3].
• Severe impairment of mucociliary transport (MCT) is a hallmark of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease [4].
• Neutrophils release elastase, a serine protease that impairs mucociliary clearance and stimulates goblet cell metaplasia and mucin production [5].

Psychiatry related information on Mucociliary Clearance

• Olfaction was evaluated with the butanol threshold test and mucociliary transport was assessed by saccharin transit time (STT) [6].
• We suggest that a time response between 30-60 minutes should be checked again at least two weeks later, and that children in whom repeated saccharin tests show a nasal mucociliary clearance of greater than 30 minutes should have ciliary beat frequency estimated [7].

High impact information on Mucociliary Clearance

• Impaired mucociliary clearance, together with CFTR-related changes in the airway surface microenvironment, leads to a progressive cycle of infection, inflammation, and declining lung function [8].
• Chloride (Cl-) secretion by the airway epithelium regulates, in part, the quantity and composition of the respiratory tract fluid, thereby facilitating mucociliary clearance [9].
• These findings indicate that the ciliated epithelium of the mucociliary transport apparatus is a novel target of MSP [10].
• The saccharin clearance time technique was used to determine the effect upon nasal mucociliary transport of sine wave oscillations [11].
• Long-term ipratropium bromide nebuliser therapy and lung mucociliary clearance [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of Mucociliary Clearance

• METHODS--Nasal mucociliary clearance was measured by the saccharin clearance technique in 12 normal subjects and 12 with cystic fibrosis [13].
• Effect of inhaled salbutamol on mucociliary clearance in patients with chronic bronchitis [14].
• The importance of ion transport for normal mucociliary clearance is suggested by the finding that airway epithelia in patients with cystic fibrosis are unable to secrete chloride [15].
• Alterations of nasal mucociliary clearance in association with HIV infection and the effect of guaifenesin therapy [16].
• Influence of clenbuterol on mucociliary transport in healthy horses and horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [17].

Biological context of Mucociliary Clearance

• Recently we reported that inhalation of dry powder mannitol markedly increases mucociliary clearance (MCC) in asthmatic and in healthy subjects (Daviskas, E., S. D. Anderson, J. D. Brannan, H. K. Chan, S. Eberl, and G. Bautovich. 1997. Inhalation of dry-powder mannitol increases mucociliary clearance. Eur. Respir. J. 10:2449-2454) [18].
• Halothane inhibition of ion transport of the tracheal epithelium. A possible mechanism for anesthetic-induced impairment of mucociliary clearance [19].
• Biochemical and physiologic studies in rats have shown that inhaled formaldehyde can depress respiration, inhibit mucociliary clearance, stimulate cell proliferation, and crosslink DNA and protein in the nasal mucosa [20].
• METHODS: The present study measures the effects on mucociliary transport of two ciliary beat frequency-inhibiting compounds (0.1% xylometazoline and 0.9% NaCl) and a ciliary beat frequency enhancer (0.1% salbutamol) [21].
• Ipratropium bromide: mucociliary clearance rate and airway resistance in normal subjects [22].

Anatomical context of Mucociliary Clearance

• When the intranasal route was used, the pattern of plasma radioactivity mimicked that of the sublingual and oral routes, with absorption of activity from the radiolabeled allergen occurring in the gastrointestinal tract after transport to the pharynx by mucociliary clearance [23].
• Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent constrictor of bronchial smooth muscle, but there is limited information on its actions on the airway mucociliary clearance in vivo [24].
• BACKGROUND: Bradykinin, a nonapeptide that contributes as a mediator to the pathogenesis of asthma, may affect lung mucociliary clearance, as it has been shown to be a potent secretagogue in canine airways and in human nasal mucosa in vivo [25].
• Because dinucleotides are signaling molecules that can interact with cell surface receptors and regulate the rate of mucociliary clearance in lungs, we studied their metabolism by using human airway epithelial cells [26].
• In a randomised, double blind crossover study the effect of high dose ipratropium bromide (200 micrograms three times daily given by metered dose inhaler for four weeks) on lung mucociliary clearance and on the wet weight and mean apparent viscosity of sputum was compared with that of placebo [27].

Associations of Mucociliary Clearance with chemical compounds

• At the airway surface, deletion of CFTR causes hyperabsorption of sodium chloride and a reduction in the periciliary salt and water content, which impairs mucociliary clearance [8].
• Our data suggest a role for this nucleotide entrapment cycle in the propagation of purine-mediated mucociliary clearance on human airway epithelial surfaces [28].
• Theophylline not only is a bronchodilator but also has other effects (inhibition of mediator release, enhancement of mucociliary clearance, enhancement of diaphragmatic contractility) that are potentially beneficial to asthmatic patients [29].
• Ozone-induced impairment of mucociliary transport and its prevention with N-acetylcysteine [30].
• Acute safety and effects on mucociliary clearance of aerosolized uridine 5'-triphosphate +/- amiloride in normal human adults [31].

Gene context of Mucociliary Clearance

• Regulation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) and epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in airway epithelia strongly influences the rate of mucociliary clearance (MCC) by determining the volume of airway surface liquid [32].
• This is consistent with the proposition that NPY is an autonomic efferent inhibitory neurotransmitter regulating mucociliary transport [33].
• The soluble form facilitates the protection and lubrication of epithelia by mucous gels composed of gel-forming mucins, as in the airway, where Muc4 is proposed to participate in mucociliary transport as a constituent of the periciliary fluid [34].
• These results support the hypothesis that HNE and PE contribute to the delayed mucociliary clearance and epithelial damage that is observed in patients with chronic bronchial infection [35].
• Together with their potent anti-inflammatory properties, the potentially enhanced airway mucociliary clearance from CFTR activation may have contributed to the efficacy of PDE4 inhibitors in COPD and asthmatic patients [36].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Mucociliary Clearance

• By enhancing Cl- secretion onto and blocking Na+ absorption from the airway surface, treatment with aerosolized uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP) plus amiloride may improve the rheology of airway secretions and enhance mucociliary clearance in patients with CF [37].
• OBJECTIVE: This article summarizes recent literature about possible adverse biologic effects associated with BKC as a nasal spray preservative by examining its effects on the following properties of mucociliary transport: ciliary motion, ciliary form, ciliary beat frequency, electron microscopy, and particle movement/saccharin clearance tests [38].
• CONCLUSION: Despite similar changes in FEV1 with the two formulations terbutaline increased mucociliary clearance significantly in asthmatic and healthy subjects when inhaled from a metered dose inhaler whereas when it was inhaled from a dry powder inhaler its effect was significant only in healthy subjects [39].
• Central and peripheral pulmonary mucociliary clearance was assessed by tantalum bronchography and serial chest roentgenograms in dogs [40].
• We have adapted a moving transmission line source to acquire dynamic geometric mean measurements in the study of the mucociliary clearance of inhaled technetium-99m labelled colloids with a single-headed rotating gamma camera [41].

References