Disease relevance of Nasopharynx

• Of 6054 people who had high titres of antibodies against the viral capsid antigen of Epstein-Barr virus but no symptoms or signs of nasopharyngeal carcinoma as assessed by conventional methods, 130 were randomly recruited and examined by fibreoptic endoscopy and biopsy of several sites of the nasopharynx [1].
• These results therefore confirm our previous DNA-DNA in situ hybridization studies and demonstrate that in the nasopharynx EBV is exclusively associated with undifferentiated but not with squamous cell carcinomas. p53 overexpression was demonstrated by immunohistology in 5 of 9 squamous cell NPCs and in 9 of 13 undifferentiated NPCs [2].
• The nose and nasopharynx were principally involved as with respiratory tract plasmacytomas in general but a similar association of the amyloid with seromucinous glands was also seen [3].
• In addition to Hep3B cells, KD1-SPB also did not express E4ORF3 in HT29.14S (colon), HeLa (cervix), KB (nasopharynx), or LNCaP (prostate) cancer cell lines, in which the SPB promoter is not expected to be active [4].
• Recovery of interfering bacteria in the nasopharynx following antimicrobial therapy of acute maxillary sinusitis with telithromycin or amoxicillin-clavulanate [5].

High impact information on Nasopharynx

• Cancers of the nasopharynx and oropharynx and formaldehyde exposure [6].
• Cancers of the nasopharynx and oropharynx and formaldehyde exposure [7].
• This study showed that endoscopy and biopsy of several sites of the nasopharynx are more effective than the conventional approach in the detection of subclinical nasopharyngeal carcinoma among seropositive individuals at high risk of the disorder [1].
• Furthermore, the HA1 sequence of progeny virus from this isolate obtained after one passage in chicken embryos is identical to that of the virus obtained directly from the nasopharynx [8].
• PLUNC: a novel family of candidate host defence proteins expressed in the upper airways and nasopharynx [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Nasopharynx

• Chlamydia pneumoniae was eradicated from the nasopharynges of 26 of 33 (78.8%) evaluable children and adults with community-acquired pneumonia who were treated with azithromycin [10].
• CONCLUSIONS: These data illustrate the higher recovery rate of antimicrobial-resistant S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae from the nasopharynx of children who had maxillary sinusitis that recurred after amoxicillin therapy than those with AMS [11].
• METHODS: We studied prospectively how rapidly live B. pertussis organisms and DNA of these bacteria disappear from the nasopharynx during erythromycin therapy in unvaccinated infants [12].
• The ethanol extract of Michelia champaca and the petroleum ether extract of Talauma ovata showed activity toward the human epidermoid carcinoma of the nasopharynx test system [13].
• To define the site of release and factors modulating exhaled nitric oxide (NO) during exercise in humans, we measured exhaled NO output during exercise, during exercise after balloon occlusion of the nasopharynx (to exclude nasal NO), and at rest with isocapneic hyperventilation or dobutamine infusion [14].

Biological context of Nasopharynx

• Mutagenesis of oapA in strain Rd, and type b strain Eagan, resulted in loss of the ability to colonize the nasopharynx of infant rats [15].
• MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1982 to 1995, 186 NPC patients, who had initially been treated in the Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, developed local recurrence in the nasopharynx and were re-treated with RT (>/=20 Gy) [16].
• However, parenteral immunization with IPV does not appear to be highly effective in inducing secretory antibody response in the nasopharynx or alimentary tract during primary immunization [17].
• Some epidemiologic studies have linked occupational exposure to formaldehyde with cancers of the nose, nasopharynx, and lung, but the evidence for human carcinogenicity has been inconsistent and requires clarification [18].
• CONCLUSION: Specific nasopharynx tissue promoter plunc can effectively induce exogenous gene integration into the mouse genome [19].

Anatomical context of Nasopharynx

• We have shown that HE4 is expressed in a number of normal human tissues outside of the male reproductive system, including regions of the respiratory tract and nasopharynx, as well as in a subset of lung tumour cell lines [20].
• BLU is highly expressed in testis and normal upper respiratory tract tissues including nasopharynx [21].
• By day 5, all animals in the linezolid group had sterile middle ear cultures and eradication of S. pneumoniae from the nasopharynx [22].
• Absence of pneumolysin was found to be associated with significantly lower numbers of pneumococci in the nasopharynx, trachea, and lungs [23].
• These results suggest that the mechanism of enhanced colonization of the nasopharynx in vivo by transparent as compared with opaque phase variants involves a greater ability to adhere to both GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal on buccal epithelial cells and GlcNAc and PAF receptors on cytokine-activated, as opposed to resting, lung and endovascular cells [24].

Associations of Nasopharynx with chemical compounds

• In the amoxicillin group, all nine animals remained middle ear and nasopharynx positive (P < 0.01) [22].
• From patients and carriers, 77 strains were found to be resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and other drugs; 39 belonged to type b (cerebrospinal fluid, 16; blood, 4; ear, 7; and nasopharynx, 12), and 38 were non-type b [25].
• If xylitol reduces the growth of S. pneumoniae in the nasopharynx, it could also reduce the carriage of this pathogen and thus have clinical significance in the prevention of pneumococcal diseases [26].
• Sinus CT scans were performed after instillation of radiopaque contrast medium into the nasopharynx followed by nose blowing, sneezing, and coughing [27].
• "Permanent iodine-125 (I-125) boost after teletherapy in primary cancers of the nasopharynx is safe and highly effective: long-term results" [28].

Gene context of Nasopharynx

• In addition, the clpP mutant was defective in colonization of the nasopharynx and survival in the lungs of mice after intranasal challenge [29].
• Interestingly, strains isolated from middle ear fluid and blood elicited significantly fewer IL-8 and significantly more IL-12 and IL-10 than strains from nasopharynx [30].
• Surprisingly, all four aquaporin proteins are highly abundant in nasopharynx [31].
• Our results demonstrate that CcpA, though not a global regulator of CCR in S. pneumoniae, is required for colonization of the nasopharynx and survival and multiplication in the lung [32].
• MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Elimination of MRSA from the nasopharynx of the patient [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Nasopharynx

• Of 9 proven anti-CD21 MAbs now examined on frozen sections of human nasopharynx, tonsil and ecto-cervix, only 3 (HB5, anti-B2, AB1) showed staining of stratified epithelium; 2 of these (HB5, anti-B2) also reacted with the surface of epithelial cells freshly dispersed from these sites [34].
• Difference in the staying systems currently in use, the recent changes in imaging and radiotherapy technology, and the lack of distinction between UCNT and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the nasopharynx in Western literature reports make for some difficulty in therapeutic results evaluation when analyzing available literature [35].
• We have studied mRNA expression of representative EBV lytic genes by RT-PCR in nasopharynx biopsies obtained from NPC and control individuals [36].
• Eleven patients were treated for primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma using radiosurgery as a boost (7 Gy-16 Gy, median: 12 Gy) to the nasopharynx after a course of fractionated radiotherapy (64.8-70 Gy) without chemotherapy [37].
• Among the gustatory (1.0 M NaCl, 0.03 M HCl, 0.03 M QHCl, 1.0 M sucrose, H2O, and 0.9% NaCl) and mechanical stimuli applied to the nasopharynx, 1.0 M sucrose and 0.9% NaCl were ineffective in changing HR and BP; the rest of the stimuli were strongly effective as was the case with electrical stimulation of the PH-IXth nerve [38].

References