Disease relevance of Birth Rate

• C>G transversions at position 755 of FGF receptor 2 (FGFR2) cause Apert syndrome; this mutation, encoding the gain-of-function substitution Ser252Trp, occurs with a birth rate elevated 200- to 800-fold above background and originates exclusively from the unaffected father [1].
• The fertility rates in MCTD and SLE were unaltered by disease; however, parity was decreased and fetal wastage was increased both before and even more so after onset [2].
• Extensive apoptosis or programmed cell death (PCD) of both hematopoietic (erythroid, myeloid, megakaryocytic) and stromal cells in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) cancels the high birth-rate resulting in ineffective hematopoiesis and has been demonstrated as the probable basis for peripheral cytopenias in MDS by our group [3].

Psychiatry related information on Birth Rate

• However, reduced fertility rates due to decreased libido as a consequence of diminished testosterone levels cannot be discounted [4].

High impact information on Birth Rate

• CONTEXT: To maximize birth rates, physicians who perform in vitro fertilization (IVF) often transfer multiple embryos, but this increases the multiple-birth risk [5].
• GM-CSF increased the birth rate of cycling cells from 1.3 to 3.4 cells %/h and decreased the duration of the S phase from 14.3 to 9.1 h and the cell cycle time from 86 to 26 h [6].
• Women aged 25-39 years with treated epilepsy have significantly lower fertility rates than those in the general population [7].
• Of note, the birth rate of the CD3 eta -/- animals was significantly lower than that of wild type or heterozygous animals (P = 0.041-0.002) [8].
• A dose-dependent decrease in birth rate was observed which correlated well with the effects on incorporation of thymidine, uridine, and leucine but not with the effect of implantation rate [9].

Biological context of Birth Rate

• Fertility rates were measured as live births per person-year of marriage before and after onset of epilepsy and compared with fertility rates among same-sex siblings without epilepsy by incidence rate ratios (IRR) [10].
• Similarly, in women whose erythromycin was begun during the third trimester, the birth rate of infants weighing 2500 g or less was 3%, whereas in women treated with placebo, the birth rate for low-birth-weight infants was 12% (P = .047) [11].
• As previously reported, women with epilepsy have lower fertility rates than women without epilepsy (Tanganelli, P., Regesta, G., 1992. Neurology (suppl.) 42 (5), 89-93; Cummings, L.N., Guidice, L., Morrel, M.J., 1995. Epilepsia 36, 355-359) [12].
• Clinical pregnancies were established by each IVF center (18-34% ongoing pregnancy/birth rate) [13].
• Women with epilepsy also have lower fertility rates and are more likely to have anovulatory menstrual cycles, polycystic ovaries, and sexual dysfunction [14].

Anatomical context of Birth Rate

• These results point out a stimulatory effect of fluoride on the birth rate of osteoblasts [15].
• Because there is clinical and experimental evidence that galactose may be toxic to ovarian germ cells, the authors sought to determine whether age-specific fertility rates in various countries correlate with the prevalence of adult hypolactasia and per capita milk consumption by analysis of published data on these variables [16].
• When semen was frozen in straws, glycerol equilibrated for 1 or 30 min gave the highest fertility results, but the fertility rates were lower (53.7 and 63.9%) than with DMA in pellets [17].
• The reduction in fertility rate of prostaglandin-treated male rats has been correlated with the altered morphology of the epididymal spermatozoa as well as with their reduced density and motility [18].
• Frozen-thawed sperm from five bulls with fertility rates ranging from 48% to 77% were treated with seven concentrations of dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (PC12) liposomes to induce an acrosome reaction (AR) that enabled sperm to penetrate eggs [19].

Associations of Birth Rate with chemical compounds

• Pancreatobiliary diversion increased bromodeoxyuridine labelling index from 1.1 to 3.7% at seven days and the cell birth rate from 0.09 to 0.06% [20].
• This report describes an epidemiologic investigation of the relationship between DBCP (dibromochloropropane) contamination in drinking water and birth rates between 1978 and 1982 in Fresno County, California. Census tracts in the county were categorized according to DBCP level in their drinking water [21].
• Estradiol was correlated with birth rate (r = 0.160, P less than 0.001), which increased from 3.6% when E2 was less than 500 pg/mL to 19.6% when E2 was greater than or equal to 2,500 pg/mL [22].
• Growth and fertility rates in the offspring of pregnant rats treated with L-omega nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a nitric oxide inhibitor [23].
• Although fertility rates were normal, time-to-pregnancy was delayed by treatment with 0.80 microg TCDD/kg [24].

Gene context of Birth Rate

• The rate of cell cycle or cell birth rate was increased by 29% (P<0.05) in cells overexpressing HO-1 but decreased by 23% (P<0.05) in cells underexpressing HO-1 compared with control cells [25].
• The beneficial effect of LIF in improving implantation and subsequent increased birth rates should be further explored [26].
• Fertility rates were also significantly decreased in p53-/- female mice that lived to be adults, an observation not previously reported [27].
• Furthermore, a strain of female Muc1 null mice in normal housing displays chronic infection and inflammation of the lower reproductive tract and markedly reduced fertility rates [28].
• RESULTS: Birth rates of people who later kill themselves show disproportionate excess for April, May and June compared with the other months [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Birth Rate

• In the light of the steadily increasing twin birth rates and the findings in this overview, where IVF/ICSI twins carry adverse outcome, it should be emphasized that the major obstacle in IVF remains the high twin birth rate [30].
• There was no difference in the subsequent tubal patency rates of fertility rates between women undergoing MTX injection or salpingostomy [31].
• OBJECTIVES: To measure and evaluate the in vitro release of MTX from suspensions of methotrexate (MTX) and lipiodol (LPD), and to investigate the MTX concentration and fertility rate using an animal model [32].
• The inhibitory effect of indomethacin on implantation was found to be dose-dependent, and the birth rate decreased in the indomethacin groups compared with the control group [33].
• The effects of atenolol (9 and 18 mg/kg.b.wt.), metoprolol (3.5 and 7 mg/kg.b.wt.) and propranolol (7.5 and 15 mg/kg.b.wt.) on male rate fertility were investigated following repeated oral administrations for 60 consecutive days [34].

References