Disease relevance of Thermodilution

• Ten patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), in III and IV NYHA Class, were treated orally with a single dose of ibopamine ranging from 1.2-3.3 mg/kg, and were studied using the Swan-Ganz catheter and thermodilution technique [1].
• A comparative evaluation of thermodilution and partial CO2 rebreathing techniques for cardiac output assessment in critically ill patients during assisted ventilation [2].
• Right ventricular volumes determined by computerized thermodilution in ischaemic heart disease: effect of exercise and nitroglycerin [3].
• Adult pigs were randomized into control (N = 5) or endotoxin groups [150 microgram/kg Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide B for 1 hr followed by 3 hr of resuscitation for a thermodilution cardiac output less than 90% of baseline using either isotonic saline (N = 5) or isooncotic albumin (N = 5)] [4].
• We determined (1) peri-operative and post-operative arrhythmias, (2) left and right ventricular function (24 h) using the thermodilution technique, (3) left ventricular high-energy phosphate content sampled before ischaemia, the end of ischaemia and the end of bypass [5].

High impact information on Thermodilution

• Arterial and femoral venous blood gas data were obtained and coupled with simultaneous measurements of femoral venous blood flow (Qleg) by thermodilution to obtain O2 delivery and oxygen uptake (VO2) [6].
• INTERVENTIONS: Invasive hemodynamic measurements were done (using a balloon-tipped thermodilution catheter) before and for 3 hours after a single oral dose of 50 mg of encainide [7].
• In protocol 1, cardiac output (CO) and stroke volume (SV) were measured by MRI and thermodilution (TD) in 15 mice (3 L1, 4 L2, 8 LC) [8].
• Central hemodynamic measurements, leg blood flow determined by thermodilution, and systemic and leg metabolic parameters were measured during maximal treadmill exercise before and 2 hours after clonidine 2 micrograms/kg IV (n = 15) or 0.9% normal saline (n = 5) [9].
• ET-1 and big ET-1 reduced coronary sinus blood flow, measured with thermodilution by a maximum of 25 +/- 4% and 28 +/- 8% and increased coronary vascular resistance by 50 +/- 9% and 107 +/- 26%, respectively [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Thermodilution

• Patients with chest pain syndromes and normal coronary angiograms were studied with a new set of methods that included thermodilution coronary sinus blood flow and coronary dye dilution curves with special computer analysis, oxygen and lactate determinations, thallium scannings, atrial pacing and dipyridamole tests [11].
• To determine the effect of the type of lung injury on the thermodilution estimation of extravascular lung water, we produced pulmonary edema in 25 anesthetized dogs by injection of alloxan or alpha-naphthylthiourea (ANTU) into the pulmonary circulation or by instillation of hydrochloric acid (HCI) into the airway [12].

Biological context of Thermodilution

• Aortic valve area (AVA) was calculated with the equation AVA = CO/(SEP X mean velocity), where CO is cardiac output measured by thermodilution and SEP is the systolic ejection period derived from the Doppler tracings [13].
• Percent change in radionuclide stroke counts after verapamil correlated well with percent change in thermodilution stroke volume (r = .87), and changes in diastolic and systolic counts were used to assess relative changes in left ventricular volumes after verapamil [14].
• Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) and CO by thermodilution (CO(thermo)) were recorded invasively simultaneous with AC-PET scans at baseline (n = 9), dobutamine infusion (n = 6), high-dose metoprolol and morphine (n = 6), and angiotensinamide infusion (n = 3) [15].
• Diltiazem reduced mean arterial pressure (113 +/- 16 to 95 +/- 15 mm Hg, p less than 0.05) and heart rate-pressure product (p less than 0.05) with no change in heart rate, pulmonary pressures or coronary (sinus, thermodilution technique) blood flow at rest [16].
• Left renal blood flow was measured by the continuous thermodilution method before (t0), and 5 (t1), 10 (t2), 20 (t3), and 30 (t4) minutes after a selective infusion of tertatolol (0.25 mg, N = 4) or propranolol (2.5 mg, N = 4) into the left renal artery [17].

Anatomical context of Thermodilution

• Central hemodynamic output, femoral blood flow (measured by thermodilution), oxygen saturation, and lactate and norepinephrine levels were determined simultaneously in the femoral vein and radial artery during treatment and after a 3-month rest and during symptom-limited bicycle exercise [18].
• LBF was measured by thermodilution in the femoral vein, and leg glucose uptake was calculated as the product of LBF and femoral arteriovenous glucose difference [19].
• To measure leg glucose uptake, the femoral artery and vein were catheterized, and blood flow was measured by thermodilution (leg glucose uptake = arteriovenous glucose difference [A-VG] x blood flow) [20].
• Basal and maximal flow (100 micro g/kg/min of adenosine infused intraarterially) in the lower extremity was determined using thermodilution (TD) techniques [21].
• Selective infusion of tertatolol into the renal artery induces a local vasodilator effect in humans. Demonstration by the continuous thermodilution method [22].

Associations of Thermodilution with chemical compounds

• In 10 of the 13 patients, coronary sinus blood flow was measured by coronary sinus thermodilution technique at rest and after dipyridamole infusion (0.5 mg/kg in 15 minutes) 10 +/- 5 days after quantitative coronary arteriography [23].
• In 18 patients (13 men and five women, 30 to 76 years old), coronary sinus blood flow (by thermodilution) was measured before and during intracoronary administration of nitroglycerin, 25 micrograms, both before and 5 min after a 15 min intravenous infusion of (1) 5% dextrose in water (n = 8, control) or (2) 100 mg/kg N-acetylcysteine (n = 10) [24].
• The changes in coronary blood flow in response to intracoronary injection of 3 ml of 76% Renografin were studied in 47 patients using the thermodilution technique for continuous measurement of coronary sinus blood flow [25].
• To determine whether hydralazine improves O2 transport to working muscle, we examined the effect of intravenous hydralazine on blood flow (measured by thermodilution) and metabolism in the leg during maximal upright bicycle exercise in 10 patients with chronic heart failure [26].
• LBF was determined by thermodilution: LGU = arteriovenous glucose difference (AVGdelta) x LBF [27].

Gene context of Thermodilution

• 1. Cardiac index (CI) calculated by the conventional method and thermodilution (TD) showed acceptable correlation (r = 0.90, CITD = 1.20 CIPWD + 357; r = 0.86, CITD = 0.90 CICWD + 262) for pulsed (PWD) and continuous wave (CWD) Doppler, respectively, but with systematic underestimation (-28 +/- 13%, p < 0.01) by pulsed wave Doppler [28].
• METHODS: We prospectively assessed long-term follow-up and predictors of survival in 62 consecutive patients referred from 1990 to 1992 for evaluation of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, including haemodynamic evaluation, thermodilution right ventricular ejection fraction and volume measurements [29].
• The Arrow "Hands-Off" thermodilution catheter (AHO) is completely shielded during balloon testing, preparation, and insertion [30].
• Cardiac output was simultaneously measured by thermodilution to calculate whole body extraction of ANP [31].
• OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy and precision of continuous thermodilution (CCO) by using a validated bolus thermodilution (BCO) reference technique as criterion standard [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Thermodilution

• Rest and exercise hemodynamic measurements, including cardiac output by thermodilution, were performed before and after oral administration of nifedipine 20 mg and captopril 25 mg [33].
• Simultaneous determinations of cardiac index were made by thermodilution and of amrinone plasma concentration by high-performance liquid chromatography [34].
• Measurements of leg blood flow by thermodilution and of arterial and femoral venous blood gases, pH, and lactate were obtained during a standard incremental exercise test to capacity in eight patients with severe COPD and in eight age-matched controls [35].
• To resolve this question, six healthy males performed light nonfatiguing [approximately 50% maximal O2 uptake (VO2max)] and severe fatiguing cycle ergometry, and simultaneous measurements were made of pulmonary VO2 and leg blood flow by thermodilution [36].
• Systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics were measured using direct techniques (right heart catheterization and thermodilution method), before and 7-10 days after oral treatment with indapamide (2.5 mg/day) [37].

References