Disease relevance of Extravascular Lung Water

• ANTU alone produced moderate permeability edema with significant increases in extravascular lung water (Qwl), dry lung weight (DLW), and albumin distribution space in lungs (ASp) [1].
• In this study, we examined the effects of bolus injections of intravenous sodium meglumine diatrizoate (Renografin 76, 1 ml/kg, injected at 20 ml per second) on measures of extravascular lung water (EVLW) at several levels of left atrial pressure and in the presence of myocardial ischemia [2].
• In conclusion, these data suggest that serotonin may have a role in including cardiopulmonary hemodynamic disturbances and in producing increases in extravascular lung water when pulmonary edema is induced by oleic acid injection in anesthetized dogs [3].
• MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Hydrochloric acid instillation or oleic acid injection resulted in a similar hypoxemia and induced a two- to three-fold increase in extravascular lung water (EVLW) by gravimetry (EVLWG) at 3 hrs compared with controls [4].
• MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: All pigs treated with intravenous oleic acid (0.11 mL/kg) developed a severe lung injury with pulmonary hypertension, accompanied by impaired oxygenation, intrapulmonary shunting, and increased extravascular lung water (p < .05 compared with baseline) [5].

High impact information on Extravascular Lung Water

• The relationship between right duct lymph flow and extravascular lung water in dogs given alpha-naphthylthiourea [6].
• We calculated cardiac output (CO), extravascular lung water (EVLW), the difference between 125I-albumin and 51Cr-erythrocyte distribution volumes (EV albumin), the difference between 14C-urea and 51Cr-erythrocyte distribution volumes (EV urea) and 14C-urea extraction (E) and permeability -surface ares (PS) products [7].
• Effect of exercise on dilution estimates of extravascular lung water and on the carbon monoxide diffusing capacity in normal adults [8].
• Pulmonary and systemic blood gases and blood pressures, heart rate, extravascular lung water, and lung blood flows were studied over 5 hours while cardiac output and mean arterial pressure were maintained at control values by Ringer's lactate infusion [9].
• The effect of Ringer's Lactate (RL) and a colloid containing salt solution Plasmanate (PL) on extravascular lung water (EVLW) during aortic surgery was evaluated in a prospective study of 18 patients [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Extravascular Lung Water

• OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of dopamine- and dobutamine-induced increases in cardiac output on the extravascular lung water in an experimental model of pulmonary edema [11].
• To test the hypothesis that angiotensin II could be a mediator of acute lung injury, we studied the effects of perindopril diacid, a new angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, on hemodynamics, blood gases, lung mechanics, and extravascular lung water (EVLW) [12].
• The regression analysis of the relationship between venous admixture and extravascular lung water indicated that, at any level of edema, venous admixture was significantly less in the group treated with ibuprofen than in the untreated group [13].
• Hyperoxia, in the absence of NO, induced both the mRNA and the protein level of Na,K-ATP-ase alpha subunit and significantly increased wet lung weight, extravascular lung water, and alveolar permeability [14].
• Indomethacin, dazoxiben and extravascular lung water after Escherichia coli infusion [15].

Biological context of Extravascular Lung Water

• Functional residual capacity (FRC), rib cage and abdominal dimensions (rc-ab), central blood volume (CBV), and extra vascular lung water (EVLW) were measured in six lung-healthy subjects awake and during halothane anesthesia, muscle paralysis, and mechanical ventilation [16].
• Tezosentan decreased the increments in pulmonary vascular resistance and extravascular lung water index by as much as 60% and 70%, respectively [17].
• The extravascular lung water tended to increase both during inhalation of N2O/O2 and during hypovolaemia [18].
• In a biventricular bypass preparation with constant-flow perfusion, pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa), average pulmonary capillary pressure (Ppc), venous pressure (Pv), extravascular lung water volume (EVWd) and capillary permeability-surface area product for urea (PS) were determined in control animals and in animals subjected to alveolar hypoxia [19].
• In our evaluation of the clinical results, we have seen that no differences could be established in regard to pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and extravascular lung water between the Ringer's lactate and the albumin group [20].

Anatomical context of Extravascular Lung Water

• The extravascular lung water (EVLW)/dry lung tissue weight ratios of 29-day GA fetuses treated with either saline or Dex decreased over 24 h compared with that observed at birth; however, at 24 h, the EVLW/dry lung tissue weight ratios of saline- and Dex-treated fetuses were similar [21].
• At 0, 24, or 48 hr of exposure to hyperoxia, extravascular lung water contents were measured, and lung inflammatory responses were assessed by lung myeloperoxidase activities, lung neutrophil counts, and lung expression of E-Selectin and intercellular adhesions molecule-1 (ICAM-1) [22].
• CONCLUSIONS: Mask CPAP and nasal BiPAP after extubation of the trachea prevent the increase in extravascular lung water during weaning from mechanical ventilation [23].
• Five groups of dogs were instrumented with pulmonary artery and extravascular lung water (EVLW) catheters and ventilated with 100% O2 [24].
• We have compared extravascular lung water after extracellular fluid volume expansion with that predicted from lung sucrose space measured in control dogs [25].

Associations of Extravascular Lung Water with chemical compounds

• CONCLUSION: Although further research is required to confirm the efficacy and safety of intravenous salbutamol in ALI/ARDS, this trial provides the first proof of principle that, in humans with ALI/ARDS, sustained treatment with intravenous beta-agonists reduces extravascular lung water [26].
• Renografin 76 caused significant transient elevations of extravascular lung water; control levels were reestablished at 15-20 minutes after injection [27].
• The effects of right atrial injections of Renografin 76 (meglumine diatrizoate), hypertonic (5%) sodium chloride, and iohexol, a new nonionic contrast medium, on sequential measures of left atrial pressure and extravascular lung water in anesthetized dogs were studied [27].
• Iohexol reduced extravascular lung water slightly while hypertonic saline transiently increased it [27].
• The authors compared bolus injections of sodium methylglucamine diatrizoate and iopamidol on extravascular lung water at several levels of left atrial pressure in dogs [28].

Gene context of Extravascular Lung Water

• Hemodynamic parameters, airway pressures, arterial blood gases, extravascular lung water (EVLW), and cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alpha, and ITF-gamma) in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were determined [29].
• Animals were observed for 4 h after LPS administration, and lung injury was evaluated by extravascular lung water, 125I-albumin leakage in lung tissue, and lung neutrophil accumulation [30].
• To evaluate the effects of the novel dual endothelin receptor antagonist tezosentan on endotoxin-induced changes in extravascular lung water and gas exchange, 16 pigs were anaesthetized and catheterized [31].
• Extravascular lung water in children immediately after operative closure of either isolated atrial septal defect or ventricular septal defect [32].
• Catalase or DMSO significantly prevented the increase in plasma thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha over 3 h after alloxan and the accumulation of extravascular lung water after 3 h [3.95 +/- 0.52 (SE) g/g with catalase, 3.06 +/- 0.42 g/g with DMSO] but not early pulmonary arterial pressor response [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Extravascular Lung Water

• We therefore measured both the pulmonary extravascular lung water (by use of the triple indicator-dilution technique) and the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide in 11 subjects, seated on an exercise bicycle, at rest and usually during two levels of exercise [8].
• After the second set of respiratory system mechanics measurements, we measured extravascular lung water and bronchoalveolar lavage protein concentration in the hyperoxia-exposed rabbits and compared the values with those values obtained in animals that breathed room air only [34].
• We studied the effects of no treatment, furosemide treatment, and isolated ultrafiltration on extravascular lung water (ETVL) in mongrel dogs in whom pulmonary edema was induced with oleic acid [35].
• The objective of this study was to define the response of extravascular lung water (EVLW) to different levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) following a standardized oleic acid injury to the lung [36].
• Estimates of extravascular lung water volume (Qew) by use of the multiple indicator-dilution method with a hydrophilic indicator such as tritiated water, along with a vascular reference indicator, depend not only on tissue hydration but also on tissue perfusion [37].

References