Disease relevance of SSD

• Gas-phase pyrolysis of 1-hexadecanol results in a series of monounsaturated alcohols and alpha-olefins analogous to fragmentation found for methyl palmitate, as well as an additional peak corresponding to the pyrolytic dehydration product, 1-hexadecene [1].
• Growth of Acinetobacter sp. strain HO1-N on n-hexadecanol: physiological and ultrastructural characteristics [2].
• Farnesol, tetradecanol, hexadecanol, and hexadecenol all were significantly enriched in (13)C compared to bulk dissolved and particulate organic carbon and compared to the biomarkers of purple sulfur bacteria [3].
• HPC was more cytotoxic (IC50, 37 microM) than its phosphate metabolite (IC50, 140 microM), but its toxicity was similar to that of its metabolite hexadecanol (IC50, 28 microM), suggesting that only the former metabolic route leads to detoxification [4].
• Sequence analysis of the V3 region of HIV-1 isolates indicated that patients with high-affinity/avidity antibodies to PNDMN and PNDSC had a PND with an internal 12-amino acid sequence (serotype-specific domain, SSD) that was highly homologous (> 90%) with the MN and SC SSD [5].

Psychiatry related information on SSD

• Patients were divided on the basis of intake MDE recovery into residual depressive symptoms (SSD; N=82) and asymptomatic (N=155) recovery groups [6].

High impact information on SSD

• The hexadecanol content of SLS fibroblasts was abnormally elevated [7].
• SSD is essential for protein translocation, is unique to SecA, and is absent from other DEAD proteins [8].
• Binding is abrogated by deletion of residues 219-244 that lie within SSD, a novel substrate specificity element of the ATPase subdomain [8].
• In the accompanying paper (James, P. F., and Zoeller, R. A. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 23532-23539), we reported the isolation of a series of mutants from the fibroblast-like cell line, CHO-K1, that are deficient in the incorporation of the long chain fatty alcohol, hexadecanol, into complex lipids [9].
• When the mutant SSD cells are fed [3H]acetate, radioactivity accumulates in farnesol, much of which is secreted into the medium [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of SSD

• Fatty aldehyde dehydrogenases in Acinetobacter sp. strain HO1-N: role in hexadecanol metabolism [11].
• Photoallergic and allergic reaction to 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (sunscreen) and allergy to cetyl alcohol in cosmetic cream [12].
• A great number of allergic reactions of cetyl alcohol (11.2%), chloramphenicol (10%) and sodium lauryl sulfate (6.4%) was observed [13].
• Paraffin wax plus beeswax in cetyl alcohol, and Acetulan in cetyl alcohol reduced NH4OH and urea irritation (p < 0.05), paraffin wax in cetyl alcohol significantly (p < 0.01) decreasing Rhus allergic contact dermatitis [14].

Biological context of SSD

• In lipid-poor medium, SSD cell growth is arrested [10].
• In every assay performed the revertant SSR cells exhibited a phenotype that was essentially wild type, demonstrating that the SSD mutant phenotype was the result of a single mutation [10].
• Consistent with the composition of the meibomian gland secretion, exogenous acyl-CoA longer than C14 and shorter than C20 gave maximal rates of esterification of hexadecanol [15].
• Tetradecanol and hexadecanol are not anesthetic to tadpoles, but they did expand the membrane [16].
• The threshold for detection of displacements of visual objects is higher during voluntary saccades than it is during steady gaze ("saccadic suppression of displacement"; SSD) [17].

Anatomical context of SSD

• Erythrocyte lipid alkyl ether linkages derived from hexadecanol were slightly increased in three of four patients [18].
• Purified glycosomes were able to sequentially synthesise the first intermediates of the ether-lipid biosynthetic pathway [acyl-dihydroxyacetonephosphate (DHAP), alkyl-DHAP and acyl/alkyl-glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P)] when incubated in the presence of radiolabelled DHAP, palmitoyl-CoA, hexadecanol and NADPH [19].
• The intestinal microsomes converted [1-14C]hexadecane to cetyl alcohol, but not further to palmitic acid [20].
• Incorporation of [hydrogen-3] alkylglycerolether and [carbon-14] hexadecanol into bovine colostrum and milk lipids [21].
• It was shown that there is no effect of various SSD and that most radiation reaching gonads is transmitted axially through the body and therefore, it is impossible to reduce this dose with a simple shielding [22].

Associations of SSD with other chemical compounds

• In addition, low levels of palmitoyl-DHAP (less than 100 microM) show competitive inhibition with respect to hexadecanol, possibly due to palmitic acid formed from palmitoyl-DHAP by alkyl-DHAP synthase under these conditions [23].
• The mutant cell line, designated SSD, exhibits less than 7% of the squalene synthase activity of the parental cell line, CHO-HMGal [10].
• By this method, cultured skin fibroblasts from SLS patients were found to have 7- and 8-fold elevations in the mean content of hexadecanol (16:0-OH) and octadecanol (18:0-OH), respectively [24].
• Modification of a standard cobalt-60 unit for total body irradiation at 150 cm SSD [25].
• Hexadecanol dehydrogenase (HDH), a soluble and membrane-bound, NAD-linked ADH, was induced 5- to 11-fold by growth on hexadecane or hexadecanol [26].

Gene context of SSD

• We studied the binding and effect of a series of n-alkanols up to hexadecanol (C16) on two model proteins, BSA and myoglobin (MGB), using hydrogen-tritium exchange and light scattering [27].
• Our method explicitly accounts for MLC-specific effects (spectral hardening, tongue-and-groove, head scatter) as well as changes in SSD with isocentric displacement, assuming that the body moves rigidly with the isocenter [28].
• The calculation shows that the effect of SSD on PSF for high energy photon beams is not significant for small fields, but can be as high as 1% for large fields [29].
• The RPC has measured both TPR20/TPR10 and the corresponding ratio of percent depth dose (D20/D10) at a constant SSD for 685 photon beams (4-25 MV) for most makes and models if accelerators [30].
• The Br. thermoruber Lon gene (Bt-lon) encodes an 88 kDa protein characterized by an N-terminal domain, a central ATPase domain which includes an SSD (sensor- and substrate-discrimination) domain, and a C-terminal protease domain [31].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of SSD

• It is argued that %dd(10), the percentage depth dose at 10 cm in a 10 x 10 cm2 photon beam at a SSD of 100 cm, is a better beam quality specifier for radiotherapy beams than the commonly used values of TPR10(20) or nominal accelerating potential (NAP) [32].
• METHODS: The studies were performed using the SSD 2000 Multiview Ultrasound Scanner and the UST 5536 7.0-MHz laparoscopic transducer probe [33].
• The properties of Infasurf, a replacement lung surfactant derived from calf lung lavage organic extract, can be modified in a controlled fashion by adding hexadecanol (HD) [34].
• Langmuir monolayers of mixtures of straight-chain and branched molecules of hexadecanol and eicosanol were studied using surface pressure-area isotherms, Brewster angle microscopy, and interfacial rheology measurements [35].
• In athymic mice, half-body irradiation was performed in an AECL Cobalt unit, at an SSD of 80 cm [36].

References