Disease relevance of Chlorxylenolum

• Post-inflammatory depigmentation following allergic contact dermatitis to chloroxylenol [1].
• Delayed upper airway obstruction. A life-threatening complication of Dettol poisoning [2].
• Serratia marcescens outbreak associated with extrinsic contamination of 1% chloroxylenol soap [3].
• The main risk from Dettol poisoning is pulmonary aspiration, leading to pneumonia, adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and/or sudden cardiorespiratory arrest [4].
• CONCLUSIONS: At least one chloroxylenol-based household disinfectant is available, which inactivates vaccinia virus on contact [5].

High impact information on Chlorxylenolum

• 3,5-xylenol, chloroxylenol, hexyl-resorcinol, and sodium dodecyl sulfate, but not resorcinol or phenol, induced release of interleukin-1alpha from keratinocytes at cytotoxic concentrations [6].
• Methylation of the halogenated compound further increased potency, reducing the IC(50) to 268 microM in 2-methyl-4-chlorophenol and to 150 microM in 3,5-dimethyl-4-chlorophenol [7].
• Each lower extremity was prepared with one of three randomly selected solutions: DuraPrep (0.7% iodine and 74% isopropyl alcohol), Techni-Care (3.0% chloroxylenol), or ChloraPrep (2% chlorhexidine gluconate and 70% isopropyl alcohol) [8].
• At concentrations of 0.1-4 mM, OTA, chloroxine, 5-chloro-8-quinolinol, 4-chloro-meta-cresol and chloroxylenol induced SOS DNA repair in the absence of an exogenous metabolic activation system [9].
• The synthesis, reaction kinetics, and pH stability of isotopically labeled p-chloro-m-xylenol (PCMX) were evaluated [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Chlorxylenolum

• p-Chloro-m-cresol (PCMC) and p-chloro-m-xylenol (PCMX) are known to cause allergic contact dermatitis [11].
• Dettol (4.8% chloroxylenol, 9% pine oil and 12% isopropyl alcohol) has previously been reported to cause delayed upper airway obstruction when ingested, despite the product being labelled as non-poisonous [12].
• PURPOSE: To investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of a chlorhexidine gluconate (2.0%) and of an ethanolic chloroxylenol solution (10%) as a temporary root canal dressing against selected test microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans) [13].
• Four antiseptic agents (Dettol, Dettol Hospital Concentrate, Savlon and Betadine) were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin Resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Enterococcus hirae, Vancomicin Resistant Enterococcus sp (VRE), Escherichia coli and E. coli 0157 [14].

Biological context of Chlorxylenolum

• Chlorhexidine gluconate (Hibiclens), povidone-iodine (E-Z Scrub 201), and chloroxylenol (ParaSoft) sponge-brushes were compared for antibacterial efficacy in 2-minute surgical scrubs [15].
• Stridor after ingestion of dettol and domestos [12].

Anatomical context of Chlorxylenolum

• The cytotoxicity of p-chloro-m-xylenol in primary culture of rat hepatocytes [16].
• 1. Dettol liquid (chloroxylenol 4.8%, pine oil, isopropyl alcohol), a household disinfectant, has a corrosive action on the gastrointestinal mucosa when swallowed [17].
• The objective of this animal study was to examine in vivo the antimicrobial efficacy of prosthetic heart valve sewing ring fabric coated with: (i) silver; (ii) combined minocycline and rifampin (M/R); or (iii) combined chlorhexidine and chloroxylenol (CH/CX) [18].
• Antimicrobial effect of camphorated chloroxylenol (ED 84) in the treatment of infected root canals [19].
• Microsomes from a patient with chronic tyrosinemia (HL32) photoincorporated [32P]5-azido-UDP-glucuronic acid at a level 1.5 times higher than the other samples, was intensely photolabeled by [32P]5-azido-UDP-glucose and had significantly higher enzymatic activity toward p-chloro-m-xylenol [20].

Associations of Chlorxylenolum with other chemical compounds

• In these cases positive patch test reactions to chloroxylenol, a chemical closely related to chlorocresol, confirmed the diagnoses [21].
• OBJECTIVES: Urine samples that tested positive for two drugs of abuse, namely cannabis and methaqualone, were reassayed in the presence or absence of common household chemicals: Jik (sodium hypochlorite), Dettol (chloroxylenol), G-cide Plus (glutaraldehyde), Perle Hand Soap, ethanol, isopropanol and peroxide (20 volumes) [22].

Gene context of Chlorxylenolum

• Dettol (chloroxylenol) and Perle Hand Soap had the largest effect on the cannabis test [22].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Chlorxylenolum

• Based on information available in published cases and on our own experience, we suggest that patients who have ingested large volumes of Dettol, have a history of vomiting or unprotected lavage, or have evidence of ongoing oropharyngeal inflammation, are at high risk of this complication [2].
• The pharmacokinetic and metabolic profile of p-chloro-m-xylenol (PCMX) was studied in healthy mongrel dogs after intravenous and oral administration of single doses of 200 and 2000 mg of PCMX, respectively [23].
• 5. Amongst the 13 patients with Dettol poisoning and pulmonary aspiration, gastric lavage using the nasogastric tube technique without adequate production of the airways had been responsible for the occurrence or worsening of aspiration in two and three patients, respectively [4].
• The risk of aspiration in Dettol poisoning: a retrospective cohort study [24].
• 6. Comparison with a control group has identified other risk factors for pulmonary aspiration: the amount of Dettol ingested, the occurrence of vomiting, drowsiness or confusion [4].

References