Disease relevance of isopropanol

• Carbon tetrachloride toxicity potentiated by isopropyl alcohol. Investigation of an industrial outbreak [1].
• Photoalkylation of circular covalently closed DNA from phage PM2 with isopropyl alcohol by using a free radical photoinitiator and UV light of lambda greater than 305 nm led to the specific 8-substitution of purine moieties in the DNA, yielding 8-(2-hydroxy-2-propyl)adenine and 8-(2-hydroxy-2-propyl)guanine as the only detectable damage in the DNA [2].
• The primary/secondary ADH of isopropanol-producing C. beijerinckii is a type-1 enzyme and is highly conserved in Thermoanaerobacter brockii (formerly Thermoanaerobium brockii) and Entamoeba histolytica [3].
• Although esterification of acetic acid, cracking of cumene, and dehydration of 2-propanol were not catalyzed by original HTiNbO(5) because of the narrow interlayer distance, which prevents the insertion of organic molecules, HTiNbO(5) nanosheets functioned as a strong solid acid catalyst for the reactions [4].
• Simian immunodeficiency virus matrix protein has been crystallized from Tris-HCl buffer with polyethylene glycol and isopropanol as precipitants [5].

Psychiatry related information on isopropanol

• Minor changes were observed in the shape of the motor activity habituation curves for isopropanol-exposed animals in the 9-week and 13-week subgroups at ca. 50% of the measurement intervals beginning at Study Week 4 [6].
• In Exp. 1, isopropyl alcohol was tested against no aerosol to determine if the vehicle (isopropyl alcohol) influenced agonistic behavior [7].
• After indicating the severity of nausea on a 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS), subjects received randomized aromatherapy with isopropyl alcohol, oil of peppermint, or saline (placebo) [8].
• Dependence, dementia, cerebellar dysfunction, and myopathy in association with chronic isopropanol ingestion [9].

High impact information on isopropanol

• Total hydrolysis of cellulose into glucose, which could be fermented into ethanol, isopropanol or butanol, is not yet economically feasible [10].
• The metabolism of isopropanol by VA cells resulted in very little reduction in cell number [11].
• Reduced blood clearance and increased urinary excretion of N-nitrosodimethylamine in patas monkeys exposed to ethanol or isopropyl alcohol [12].
• The multifunctional isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenase of Phytomonas sp. could be the result of a horizontal gene transfer from a bacterium to the trypanosomatid lineage [13].
• Fatty acid-CoA levels in pancreatic acini were measured by extraction with 2-propanol/acetonitrile, followed by separation and quantification using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography, and were found to be 10.17 +/- 0.93 nmol/mg protein [14].

Chemical compound and disease context of isopropanol

• We have studied the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence of the lipases from Chromobacterium viscosum (CVL), Pseudomonas species (PSL), and Rhizopus oryzae (ROL) in aqueous buffer, zwitterionic detergent micelles, and isopropanol-water mixtures [15].
• Bioreactors that received either ethanol or isopropanol as an energy source showed the presence of SRB affiliated with Desulfobulbus rhabdoformis and/or Desulfovibrio sulfodismutans, as well as SRB related to the acetate-oxidizing Desulfobacca acetoxidans [16].
• Furthermore, ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol enhance the synthesis of metallothionein in Chang cells but not in neuroblastoma IMR-32 cells in culture [17].
• Adenovirus was removed or inactivated from applanation tonometer tip surfaces by using one of the following techniques: soaking inoculated tips for 15 minutes in diluted sodium hypochlorite (1:10 household bleach), 3% hydrogen peroxide, or 70% isopropyl alcohol; or wiping with alcohol "prep pads", 1:1000 merthiolate, or dry tissues [18].
• In five separate tests, hepatitis B virus in dried human plasma was exposed for 10 min at 20 degrees C to disinfectant chemicals having activity levels ranging from intermediate (e.g., 70% isopropyl alcohol) to high (e.g., 2% aqueous glutaraldehyde at pH 8.6) [19].

Biological context of isopropanol

• The elongation factor G carries a catalytic site for GTP hydrolysis, which is revealed by using 2-propanol in the absence of ribosomes [20].
• Effective endoscope disinfection was achieved by cleansing and disinfection of a blind channel not processed in the disinfector, additional isopropanol-air flush of all channels, and auto-disinfection of the disinfector [21].
• Acetone hydrogenation catalysis is important in applications such as heat pumps and fuel cells or in fulfilling the sizable demand for the product of selective acetone hydrogenation, 2-propanol [22].
• Probing molecular structure at interfaces for comparison with bulk solution behavior: water/2-propanol mixtures monitored by vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy [23].
• Pharmacokinetic analysis showed that the elimination of both isopropanol and its major metabolite acetone obeyed apparent first-order kinetics with half-lives of 6.4 and 22.4 h, respectively [24].

Anatomical context of isopropanol

• The most effective cleaning agent was isopropyl alcohol after cleaning the diaphragm surface, the stethoscope diaphragms contained 0.2 +/- 0.2 colony-forming units and the rims contained 2.2 +/- 1.5 colony-forming units (P = .01) [25].
• Saturated-PC membranes show low hydrophobicity (high polarity) across the membrane, comparable to 2-propanol and 1-octanol, even at the membrane center where hydrophobicity is highest [26].
• The drug is first extracted from blood plasma by saturating the aqueous phase with solid potassium carbonate and extracting with isopropanol/chloroform (9/1 by vol) [27].
• Retinoids contained in the retina, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and extracellular medium were recovered by means of formaldehyde-, isopropanol- and ethanol-based extractions and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography [28].
• Oxygenated hemoglobin from water-lysed sickle erythrocytes preciptated more rapidly than hemoglobin from normal cells when exposed to 17% isopropanol in 0.1 M tris, pH 7.4, buffer (the isopropanol solubility test of Carrell and Kay) [29].

Associations of isopropanol with other chemical compounds

• Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis of glucose and dihedral rotational equilibrium isotope effects in 2-propanol strongly imply a hyperconjugative mechanism for the isotope effects at H1 and H2 [30].
• Ab initio calculations on 2-propanol with or without a hydrogen bonding partner, in steric collision with formaldehyde or methane, and on ethanol, cyclohexanol and 1-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydropyran are presented to clarify the magnitude of isotope effects possible in such interactions and the accompanying changes in free energy [31].
• A T2-RNase treatment of poly(A) irradiated with 2-propanol gave the modified Ado-21:3'-P, while T2-RNase digestion of poly(A) irradiated with D-ribose led to the cyclic modified mononucleotides, in addition to the modified mononucleotides [32].
• Addition of 2-propanol and benzamidine/HCl proved essential to obtain single crystals suitable for X-ray analysis [33].
• Next, the optimization of the ESI-MS sheath liquid composition is conducted comparing methanol to isopropanol followed by the use of experimental design for analysis of spray chamber parameters [34].

Gene context of isopropanol

• Furthermore, Kit receptors can be down-regulated by proteolytic cleavage induced by either activation of protein kinase C or by isopropyl alcohol [35].
• A truncated variant of TPK1, the yeast cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit, was overexpressed in an engineered strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, purified by liquid chromatography, and crystallized from solutions of 2-propanol and magnesium at alkaline pH [36].
• Reversible activation of prophenoloxidase with 2-propanol in Drosophila melanogaster [37].
• The MTCP-1 recombinant proteins display greater solubility, do not form disulfide linked dimers or oligomers, and elute at a lower isopropanol concentration than the corresponding TCL-1 proteins [38].
• In addition, 2-propanol derived from the crystallization solution occupied the hydrophobic cavity, which is proposed to be a CO trapping site in rat HO-1 that suppresses product inhibition [39].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of isopropanol

• 5 seconds of skin cleansing of sites on the leg, arm, and abdomen with 70% isopropyl alcohol reduced bacterial counts by 82-91% [40].
• Equivalent results are obtained by pulse radiolysis using isopropanol radical as the reducing agent [41].
• Isopropanol precipitation removes PCR inhibitors from ancient bone extracts [42].
• This review presents clinical, pharmacologic, and management data, contrasts important aspects in differential diagnosis, and suggests an appropriate approach to management of isopropyl alcohol intoxication [43].
• We now report a rapid, simple isocratic HPLC procedure for the determination of CoQ10H2 and CoQ10 in plasma isopropanol extracts, and we used this method to investigate conditions by which the CoQ10H2/CoQ10 ratio can be reliably measured [44].

References