Disease relevance of Cholografin

• Stepwise increase in the infusion rate until adequate radiographic visualization is obtained may be the best method for performing intravenous cholangiography to obtain visualization with the least amount of iodipamide in order to minimize toxicity [1].
• At very high concentrations, the steroid potentiated the complement-activating effect produced in vitro by iodipamide, but inhibited the immune and nonimmune mechanisms of hemolysis [2].
• After drip infusion cholangiography was performed by infusing 40 ml. of 50% meglumine iodipamide (Biligrafin) intravenously, the patient developed nausea and abdominal pain [3].
• Iodipamide was infused into three dogs with bile fistulas to achieve various steady-state blood levels [4].
• The Cholografin-filled balloon is hypointense to gray matter on T1-weighted spin-echo images and isointense to both hyperacute and chronic thrombus on T2-weighted spin-echo images [5].

High impact information on Cholografin

• Since the bile iodipamide concentration is probably the most important determinant in clinical cholangiography, low bile salt plasma levels should result in the best radiographic visualization of the biliary tree [6].
• The presence of stones in the gallbladder was predicted with an accuracy of 95.5%, using doses of 3 ml of 51.6% meglumine iodipamide (Cholografin) per kg diluted 10-fold, followed a few days later by a repeat dose of 5 ml per kg in cases of nonvisualization of the gallbladder [7].
• The effect of sodium taurocholate in stepwise increasing infusion rates, 0.3 to 9.6 mumoles per min per kg, on the biliary excretion rate of iodipamide was investigated in 6 dogs (10 experiments) with complete bile diversion under general anesthesia [6].
• Two different radiographic contrast media (RCM), iothalamate and iodipamide, induced the activation of several complement (C) components in normal, genetically C2-deficient and agammaglobulinemic human sera in vitro [8].
• The effects of iodipamide on C3 and factor B in normal human serum and in purified form have been examined by immunoelectrophoresis and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Cholografin

• The intravenous toxicity of iosulamide meglumine is considerably lower than that of iodipamide (Cholografin) in the mouse and rat [10].
• The relationship of elevated C1INH to the protective effect of prednisolone on iodipamide toxicity in the rabbit is discussed [11].

Biological context of Cholografin

• Iodipamide in very low concentrations inhibited complement activation through the classical pathway [12].
• Saturation kinetics and choleretic effects of iodoxamate and iodipamide [13].
• In vitro platelet aggregation was significantly inhibited by at least 3.4 micron/ml Cholografin and 19.5 micron/ml Renografin 76 [14].
• However, when corrected for plasma protein binding, a linear relationship was obtained, suggesting that the renal excretion of iodipamide is a pseudo-first-order process [4].
• The previously reported steady-state method allowed estimation of the capacity-limited pharmacokinetics of the cholangiographic agent, iodipamide [15].

Anatomical context of Cholografin

• Conflicting data have been reported concerning the optimum dose and rate of administration of iodipamide required to obtain maximum radiographic opacification of the biliary tree during intravenous cholangiography [1].
• It is concluded that the apparent carrier mediated PG transport systems of the choroid plexus, anterior uvea and kidney cortex are not related to the iodide transport system, but may represent a subcomponent of the iodipamide transport system of these tissues [16].
• Iodipamide-enhanced computed tomography of the pancreas [17].
• Nevertheless, the highest biliary iodine concentration in complete common bile duct obstruction resulted with the largest iodipamide dose (1.8 ml/kg) and the shortest infusion time (30 minutes) [18].
• Exposure of isolated rat hepatocytes to iodipamide resulted in its time dependent accumulation in the cells [19].

Associations of Cholografin with other chemical compounds

• Effects of iodipamide on human C3 and factor B in vitro [9].
• Ipodate, iodipamide, iopanoic acid, and diatrizoate inhibited binding of [125I]T3 in vitro [20].
• A more efficient blood to bile clearance rate and a shorter blood half-life for iosulamide may account for the lower circulating blood levels and rapid total excretion compared to iodipamide [10].
• Liver enhancement techniques in computed tomography. A comparison of intravenous bolus, computed tomographic portography, and iodipamide ethyl ester particle injections in a canine model [21].
• Both SCN- and NO3- decreased iodipamide accumulation in liver cells whereas SO4(2-) enhanced the accumulation [19].

Gene context of Cholografin

• Infusion of iodipamide caused a marked "carpeting" of the venous endothelium by WBC, and this condition was reversed by subsequent infusion of C1INH [11].
• At every infusion rate of iodipamide the biliary concentration of the contrast agent was less when glucagon was administered [22].
• Bilipolinum (Adipiodon), iodine contrast medium used in cholangiography, showed an inhibitory effect on the activity of human erythrocyte phosphohexoseisomerase, phosphofructokinase, aldolase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [23].
• Blood pressure (BP), plasma prekallikrein (PK), and the extent of activation of factor XII (XII-ACT) were studied after the intravenous injection into rats of dextran (Macrodex), the ionic radiographic contrast substance iodipamide (Biligrafin), or the non-ionic contrast substance iohexol (Omnipaque) [24].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Cholografin

• Previous studies have shown that iodipamide (3,3'-(adipoyl-diimino)bis[2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid]), the radiographic contrast material used for intravenous cholangiography, is a potent choleretic [25].
• When using ultracentrifugation techniques, iodipamide was found to be highly bound to plasma protein [4].
• By crossed immunoelectrophoresis B and C3 split products were not detected after in vitro incubation of iodipamide in serum or EDTA-blood [26].
• After slow infusion of 250 ml of iodipamide, spiral CT was performed [27].
• Potentiometric determination of iodipamide using an iodipamide ion-selective electrode [28].

References