Disease relevance of amidotrizoic acid

• The renal clearance of iothalamate sodium I 125, identical to that of inulin, permits measurement of glomerular filtration rate with a single injection in varying degrees of renal failure [1].
• Thirteen patients with tapeworm infection, seven with Diphyllobothrium latum and six with Taenia saginata, were treated by the introduction of a radio-opaque contrast medium, 'Gastrografin', into the duodenum through a duodenal tube [2].
• The use of gastrografin for esophageal perforation [3].
• A 73-yr-old white woman admitted with lobar pneumonia and congestive heart failure developed progressive colonic pseudoobstruction (Ogilvie's syndrome) 2 days after admission which was unrelieved by diatrizoate meglumine (Gastrografin, Squibb Canada, Montreal) enema and rectal tube [4].
• In a group of 10 patients with brain tumors, we obtained serial measurements of tissue (Am) and arterial plasma (Cp) iodine concentration from timed computed tomographic scans done over 30 minutes, after intravenous infusion of meglumine iothalamate (Conray-60) [5].

High impact information on amidotrizoic acid

• The glomerular filtration rate, determined by iothalamate clearance, was better maintained in the treated group (average decrease, 1.3 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area per 12 months) than in the placebo group (average decrease, 19.6) [6].
• In the diabetic group, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR, iothalamate clearance) exceeded the control value by 15% (140 +/- 6 vs. 122 +/- 5 ml/min, P less than 0.01) [7].
• In order to study the effects of the commonly employed contrast media alone and in combination with bacteria in the mediastinum, various mixtures of barium and meglamine diatrizoate (Gastrografin) with and without flora were instilled in the mediastinum of 29 domestic cats [8].
• Liver cells were isolated on Ficoll/Hypaque gradients from embryos or fetuses at 6-10 weeks of gestation; 2-20% of the cells expressed CD45 or HLA class I surface antigens and 2-6% expressed CD7 [9].
• When lymphocytes were enriched from kidney tumors and surrounding tissue by either Ficoll/Hypaque density gradient or immunomagnetic selection with anti-CD3, anti-CD4, or anti-CD8 monoclonal antibodies, it was confirmed that they contained a high percentage of trisomy 7 and trisomy 10 cells [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of amidotrizoic acid

• Primary macroglobulinemia with acute renal failure developed in a 46-year-old man after administration of contrast medium (containing diatrizoate sodium and meglumine [Urografin]) for intravenous pyelography [11].
• Ventricular fibrillation during coronary angiography with Renografin-76 (meglumine sodium diatrizoate) has been attributed to the calcium-binding additives sodium citrate and sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), which may produce repolarization changes manifested as prolongation of the QT interval [12].
• The incidence of thrombosis was significantly lower with metrizamide (7%) than with methylglucamine iothalamate (28.6%) [13].
• A comparison was made of the incidence of venous thrombophlebitis resulting from the use of a high-osmolality contrast medium (Conray 60%, meglumine ioxaglate) and a low-osmolality contrast medium (Hexabrix 59%, meglumine iothalamate) [14].
• PURPOSE: To study the effects of iothalamate sodium and two dosages of iopromide in acute cerebral ischemia on infarction volume, neurologic performance, and mortality in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion [15].

Biological context of amidotrizoic acid

• We confirmed this rise in glomerular filtration rate by measuring inulin or iothalamate clearance in nine patients [16].
• The injection of Hypaque into the left coronary artery resulted in a forearm vasodilation which could not be duplicated by an injection of a comparable amount of contrast into the ascending aorta, three centimeters above the coronary ostia [17].
• Marrow was separated by Ficoll/Hypaque centrifugation followed by passage over a monoclonal antibody affinity column to remove myeloid cells prior to IF staining [18].
• In a first protocol, renal function was evaluated with sensitive methods (glomerular filtration rate using iothalamate I 125 clearance and renal plasma flow using iodohippurate I 131 clearance) before and 48 hours after the administration of contrast media in 31 patients with cirrhosis (20 with ascites, 5 with renal failure) [19].
• Glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow were measured as the clearances of iothalamate and hippuran, respectively [20].

Anatomical context of amidotrizoic acid

• The salient finding, based on analysis of 101 cord blood collections, is that the numbers of progenitor cells present in the low-density (less than 1.077 gm/ml) fraction after Ficoll/Hypaque separation typically fell within the range that has been reported for successful engraftment by bone marrow cells [21].
• Therefore, we applied SIL to adult Wistar rats that were subjected to complete bile duct occlusion (BDO) by injection of sodium amidotrizoate (Ethibloc) [22].
• Monocytes were purified from citrated blood by Histopaque density gradient centrifugation and countercurrent centrifugal elutriation and cultured in DMEM in the presence of 20% acid-treated autologous serum or 100 micrograms/ml each of VLDL, LDL, Ac-LDL, and HDL [23].
• Viable eosinophils from normal human peripheral blood were separated by sedimentation through a nutrient-enriched linear gradient of sodium hypaque [24].
• Extracellular fluid volume (iothalamate volume of distribution) was not decreased in any patient, and urinary cAMP and/or plasma parathyroid hormone-like bioactivity were increased in six of eight patients [25].

Associations of amidotrizoic acid with other chemical compounds

• Two microbubble sizes were obtained by sonicating Renografin-76 (meglumine sodium diatrizoate): mean diameter 12 +/- 3 (SEE) and 20 +/- 6 micron [26].
• Nine patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and serum creatinine < or = 1.3 mg/dl and/or an initial iothalamate clearance > or = to 60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) were imaged weekly over a 3-wk period (total of 3 times) [27].
• Glomerular filtration rate (iothalamate clearance) was measured serially for 48 months in 26 Pima Indians with impaired glucose tolerance and 27 with normal glucose tolerance [28].
• Diatrizoate, iothalamate, metrizoate, and methiodal did not cause electrophoretic conversion of C3 or properdin factor B. In fact, the small degree of spontaneous conversion occurring when serum is incubated in polypropylene tubes was inhibited by these contrast media or by hypertonic sodium chloride [29].
• One hundred fifty adult patients who underwent excretory urography received a high-dose ionic contrast medium (diatrizoate sodium), high-dose nonionic contrast medium (iohexol), or low-dose nonionic contrast medium (iohexol) [30].

Gene context of amidotrizoic acid

• However there was a more dramatic decrease in phosphorylation of the phosphorylated form of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and of the extracellular-signal regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2 caused by sodium diatrizoate than by iopromide [31].
• Monocytes, isolated by Histopaque gradients and centrifugal elutriation, were cultured for 5 days in RPMI-1640 medium with 5% AB serum, and then activated with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma; 100 U/mL) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (5 ng/mL), with or without AEBSF, for 2 days [32].
• A discontinuous gradient system composed of two commercially available Ficoll-Hypaque mixtures (Mono-Poly resolving medium (MPRM) and Histopaque 1.077) is described for the purification of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocytes from human blood [33].
• Melanoma cell detection in peripheral blood by tyrosinase reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is usually performed on RNA isolated from whole blood using a guanidinium isothiocyanate (GITC)/phenol extraction method or from Ficoll Hypaque isolated mononuclear cells [34].
• CVb and CVr of bolus injection of 51Cr-EDTA, but not CVc of iothalamate and 51Cr-EDTA infusions were twofold to tenfold lower than the percent yearly change reported in IDDM and NIDDM patients [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of amidotrizoic acid

• Single subcutaneous injection of iothalamate sodium I 125 to measure glomerular filtration rate [1].
• Using nearly isosmotic Hypaque density gradient centrifugation a population of impermeable right-side-out membrane vesicles (H1) is separated from a leaky population (H2) [36].
• After demonstrating the perforation with a Gastrografin swallow, a left posterolateral thoracotomy is made [37].
• Enhancement of the tumor tissue with intravenous injection of 60% Hypaque was observed in the 8 patients so studied [38].
• Reticulocytosis was induced by injection of N-acetylphenylhydrazine or by phlebotomy from the ear vein, and circulating red blood cells were fractionated on histopaque density gradients [39].

References