Disease relevance of MOLI001158

• Gemfibrozil, a novel hypolipidemic agent identified chemically as 2,2-dimethyl-5-(2,5-xylyoxy) valeric acid, was evaluated for mutagenic potential in in vitro assays with Salmonella typhimurium [1].
• The fact that valproic acid, a derivative of pentanoic acid, also induces gamma-globin expression suggests that short-chain fatty acid derivatives that are already approved for human use may possess the property of gamma-globin inducibility and may be of therapeutic relevance to the beta-chain hemoglobinopathies [2].
• BW12C (5-[2-formyl-3-hydroxypenoxyl] pentanoic acid) stabilizes oxyhaemoglobin, causing a reversible left-shift of the oxygen saturation curve (OSC) and tissue hypoxia [3].
• We report a method for rapid extraction of the outer membrane protein, OmpF, from freeze-dried Escherichia coli cells using valeric acid, alleviating the effort and time in sample preparation [4].
• The disposition of the antidepressant tianeptine and its MC5 metabolite (pentanoic acid analogue of tianeptine) was studied following a single 12.5 mg oral dose of tianeptine sodium salt in 20 patients with chronic renal failure [5].

Psychiatry related information on MOLI001158

• The response latencies to stimulation with a malodour (valeric acid) and pleasant odorant (amyl acetate) were compared over a range of different stimulus strengths [6].

High impact information on MOLI001158

• The NMDA receptor antagonist amino phosphono valeric acid virtually abolished both the association and dissociation of TCP [7].
• To study the structure-activity relationship between pentanoic acid analogues and the inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, a number of 4-pentenoic and methylenecyclopropaneacetic acid derivatives were prepared [8].
• To determine the significance of that hydrophobicity, we have now synthesized dipeptide analogues conjugating the epsilon-amino group of Lys in Val-Lys with aliphatic carboxylic acids: acetic acid (C2), propanoic acid (C3), pentanoic acid (C5), hexanoic acid (C6), and decanoic acid (C10) [9].
• The mean response of 14 Vc units to sequential application of pentanoic acid did not vary significantly across trials, indicating lack of tachyphylaxis or sensitization [10].
• Ridogrel [(E)-5-[[[(3-pyridinyl)[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] methylene]amino]oxy] pentanoic acid] is a potent inhibitor of the P450-dependent human platelet thromboxane A2 (TxA2) synthase [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of MOLI001158

• Methylobacterium sp. strain GW2 was also able to accumulate the copolyester poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-poly-3-hydroxyvalerate (PHB/HV) when valeric acid was supplied as an auxiliary carbon source to methanol [12].
• Damvar, the delta-(2-amino-6-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-5-pyrimidinyl) valeric acid, administered alone s. c. or i. p., has no effect on L1210 leukemia [13].

Biological context of MOLI001158

• The order of potency for inhibition of both binding and hydrolysis was: 2-en-2-propyl pentanoic acid greater than 4-en-2-propyl pentanoic acid greater than or equal to valproate [14].
• Transport kinetics of plasma free fatty acid, very low density lipoprotein triglycerides and apoprotein in patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridaemia: effects of 2,2-dimethyl, 5(2, 5-xylyoxy) valeric acid therapy [15].
• However, medium- and long-chain olefinic alcohols were discriminated by Lipase AY-30, Lipolase 100T (Rhizomucor miehei), and especially by porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL), when esterification was conducted with pentanoic acid [16].
• At the same time pentanoic acid did not bind with kringle 1 [17].
• Valeric acid, which did not change the membrane fluidity, had no effect on this type of ACh response [18].

Anatomical context of MOLI001158

• Both pentanoic acid and 5 M NaCl evoked similar numbers and patterns of fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) in dorsomedial Vc and other brain stem regions, with no significant difference in counts of FLI in animals pretreated with amiloride [19].
• Because of its high lipid solubility, valeric acid penetrates the nonglandular gastric mucosa, resulting in inhibition of sodium transport and cellular swelling [20].
• Changes in barrier function attributable to exposure to valeric acid were associated with histopathologic evidence of cellular swelling in all layers of the nonglandular mucosa [20].
• Pentanoic acid, a novel protein synthesis stimulant for Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells [21].
• Blood flow to the liver, stomach, small intestine, and kidney was determined by the uptake of 201thallium and 125I-labeled fatty acid (para-125I-phenyl-3-methyl pentanoic acid) in a 20% body surface area scald injury that also included plasma volume replacement resuscitation [22].

Associations of MOLI001158 with other chemical compounds

• When 2,2-dimethyl 3-(2'-naphthyl 6'-hydroxy) pentanoic acid, an artificial estrogen of the allenolic acid group, was added to an exponential-phase growth culture of Neurospora crassa (in Horowitz medium), it was transformed into its hydroxylated derivative, 2,2-dimethyl 3-(2'-naphthyl 4',6'-dihydroxy)pentaoic acid [23].
• Pretreatment with DL-2-amino-5-phosphono valeric acid (2-APV) (an NMDA receptor selective antagonist, 5 nmol) also abolished the pressor response induced by NMDA [24].
• Pretreatment of the rats with a CysLT1 receptor antagonist (pranlukast) failed to reduce the elevation of airway resistance, and pretreatment with a BLT receptor antagonist (ONO-4057; 5-[2-(2-carboxyethyl)-3-[6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5E-hexenyl]- oxyphenoxy] valeric acid) also produced no decrease [25].
• 6-Aminohexanoic acid, pentylamine, pentanoic acid and arginine were used for investigation of the ligand specificity of isolated kringle 1 prepared by pepsin hydrolysis of kringle 1 + 2 + 3 [17].
• The effect of leukotriene B4 (0.03 nmol/site) started within 3 min, peaked in the second 10-min period, had almost subsided by 30 min, and was inhibited by the simultaneous injection of the leukotriene B4 receptor antagonist ONO-4057, 5-[2-(2carboxyethyl)-3-(6-( p-methoxyphenyl)-5E-hexenyl) oxyphenyoxy] valeric acid [26].

Gene context of MOLI001158

• Inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis VI: 2,5-Diamino-2-(cyanomethyl) pentanoic acid, a potential irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase [27].
• The assay uses a commercially available antiserum and phenytoin valeric acid coupled to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase as the tracer [28].
• With the exception of 2-nonyn-1-ol, where Lipase AY-30 (Candida rugosa) was used as the biocatalyst, the esterification of C11, C18, and C22 acetylenic alcohols with pentanoic acid appeared to be generally unaffected by the presence of an acetylenic bond in the alcohol as relatively high yields of the corresponding esters (78-97%) were obtained [16].
• All the compounds tested were competitive inhibitors with respect to L-methionine and the (2S, 4S)-2-amino-4,5-epoxy pentanoic acid was found to be a very potent inhibitor of the enzyme compared to those already reported for AdoMet synthetase from other mammalian tissues [29].
• The acyl portion was comprised of either valeric acid (val) or gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of MOLI001158

• In bioassays, pentanoic acid significantly stimulated pre-mating behavior in male desert locust [31].
• With the exception of valeric acid, VFA levels in ileal digesta of piglets fed low-protein diets were generally lower (P < 0.05) compared with the control diet [32].
• These results confirmed that pentanoic acid was a better stimulant for protein biosynthesis in animal cell culture than butyrate [21].
• A technique is described for the extraction and quantitation of the pentanoic acid metabolite of phencyclidine by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry [33].

References