Disease relevance of procaine

• Letter: Procaine for malignant hyperthermia [1].
• Two hundred micromolar P1,P5-di(adenosine-5')pentaphosphate (Ap5A) stopped atrial function in less than 30 s of anoxia in contrast to 50 s in the case of Hearse's cardioplegic solution (16 mM MgCl2, 16 mM KCl, 1 mM Procaine), and 20 min in the case of controls [2].
• Contact dermatitis from novocaine in Gerovital cream [3].
• K-induced contracture was inhibited by procaine at 37 degrees and 10 degrees C. Procaine inhibited Ca- and acetylcholine-induced contractions in isotonic K2SO4-Locke solution [4].
• CONCLUSION: Procaine produces a higher frequency of pruritus than that seen with lidocaine-fentanyl combinations and a greater severity of pruritus than seen with lidocaine-fentanyl and bupivacaine-fentanyl spinal anesthesia [5].

Psychiatry related information on procaine

• 4. Procaine may be a useful agent for helping to elucidate the anatomic and physiologic basis for mood, endocrine, and cognitive dysregulation associated with stress and affective disorders [6].

High impact information on procaine

• We have examined the effect of the charged local anesthetics QX314, QX222, and Procaine on monovalent cation conduction in the Ca2+ release channel of the sheep cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum [7].
• 8. Procaine reversibly reduced the slow IPSP and noradrenaline hyperpolarization without affecting the fast EPSP or slow EPSP at concentrations up to 300 microM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)[8]
• Ester hydrolysis and nitrosative deamination of novocaine in aqueous solutions [9].
• 3. Procaine (100 microM), a sodium channel blocker, and vesamicol (10 microM), an inhibitor of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter, were ineffective [10].
• RESULTS: Procaine (10(-4) to 10(-3) M) inhibited carbachol-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and ERK activation in a concentration-dependent manner [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of procaine

• METHODS: All of the evidence for the antiadrenaline dogma comes from 21 mostly pre-1950 case reports of finger ischemia associated with procaine and cocaine injection with epinephrine [12].
• The investigations were conducted on 3 groups of New Zealand rabbits: 1) controls; 2) injected with procain, i.m. 15 mg/kg body weight, daily, for 30 days; 3) injected with diethylaminoethanol (DEAE), 15 mg/kg body weight, daily, for 35 days [13].
• Our collection of cases a case of giant-cell myocarditis following sulfamethoxypyridazine, anaphylactic shock has been reported to occur after intravenous administration of novocaine, and generalized cutaneous vasculitis developed in the same patient during the subsequent phase [14].

Biological context of procaine

• Sometimes these were surmounted by a spike potential Procaine markedly reduced the hyperpolarization induced by nicorandil and increased the time required for abolition of slow waves [15].
• Animals are first perfused with a room-temperature buffer containing magnesium sulphate and procain (to prevent vasoconstriction) followed by cold buffer containing aluminum sulphate and formaldehyde [16].
• Although pressor responses were similar at all doses, 14 of 32 rats had consistent declines in cardiac output (> 15%) and greater increases in systemic vascular resistance after administration of cocaine (5 mg/Kg, i.v.). Procaine (10 mg/Kg i.v.) did not mimic this effect in either subgroup [17].
• Tectal field potentials evoked by diffuse light on- and off-stimuli before and after administration of the conduction-blocking drug procaine (PRC) suggest that populations of tectal neurons are affected by pretectal inhibitory influences [18].
• The effect of the Novocain blockade of the stellate ganglion upon the duration of the electrical systole (Q-T) of the heart was studied in 38 patients [19].

Anatomical context of procaine

• When the specific point was blocked by injection of a larger dose of novocain or the deep peroneal nerve was cut, then needling at the specific point lost its hypocholesterolemic effect [20].
• 2. Procaine facilitated transmission of evoked excitatory activity from the amygdala to the ventromedial hypothalamus, but only after a considerable delay from the time of injection [21].
• Flavor-illness aversions: potentiation of odor by taste is disrupted by application of novocaine into amygdala [22].
• In the experiment made on rabbits treated with procain or DEAE, the release of FOR by PMN leukocytes was much more reduced, as compared to controls [13].
• The authors consider that owing to their capacity to reduce the expression of antigens MHC of class I and class II on the membrane of lymphocytes, procain and DEAE can have benefic effects in some autoimmune, autoaggression and inflammatory diseases [23].

Associations of procaine with other chemical compounds

• In aqueous solutions, the kinetic features of both the hydrolysis reaction of the ester function of novocaine in alkaline medium and the nitrosation reaction of the primary amine group of novocaine in mild acid medium were investigated by UV/vis spectroscopy [9].
• The purpose of this investigation was to test if a (C-P) aqueous system provides a microenvironment in which P is less exposed to hydroxyl ion catalyzed degradation, its main degradation pathway over a wide pH range [24].
• 1. Cardioplegia with a potassium free Mg-1-aspartate and Procaine-solution (Cardioplegin) [25].
• 1. Procaine, a membrane stabilizer, depresses the maximal responses of the electrically driven rat right ventricle to isoprenaline [26].
• There is also no depression of 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine uptake into the intact cells in vitro when the mice are irradiated either shortly before or after i.v. injection of 0.02 mg of procain chloride [27].

Gene context of procaine

• 4. Procaine (0.3-3 mM) did not inhibit the secretory response to cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) in isolated incubated acini [28].
• 3. Procaine stimulates ACTH-cortisol and prolactin, but not growth hormone secretion [6].
• The restoration of the stress-induced immune suppression by olfactory stimulation was blocked by procain administration onto the olfactory cells [29].
• In this study combined infusion therapy with procain, pentoxyphyllin and magnesium sulphuricum in patients with CTS was evaluated retrospectively [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of procaine

• Procaine (Gerovital): no effect on the rehabilitation result in patients with back or hip disease [31].
• Effects of a procaine preparation (Gerovital H3) in hospitalized geriatric patients: a double-blind study [32].
• Vagotomy or procain completely protected the rat stomach against the reserpine injury [33].
• The intensity of expression of MHC complexes of class II decreases from 160.94 in the control group, to 107.21 in the procain group and to 104.05 in the DEAE group [23].
• The majority of the blood supply is derived from the external carotid system, so ligation of the external carotid and injection of saline or 0.5% novocaine solution in the base of the tumour just before the extirpation of the tumour can reduce the loss of blood during the operation [34].

References