Disease relevance of aluminum

• Burn patients are at risk for bone disease due to aluminum (Al) exposure from use of antacids and albumin, partial immobilization, and increased production of endogenous glucocorticoids [1].
• Different mechanisms of four aluminum (Al)-resistant transgenes for Al toxicity in Arabidopsis [2].
• Such factors would include extraskeletal effects of Al, differences in host-susceptibility to this element, the localization of Al within bone, uremia per se, and the participation of other metals and toxins [3].
• METHODS: Ovalbumin (OVA) combined with aluminum hydroxide (Alum) plus pertussis toxin (PT) or complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) were used to sensitize mice; the production of IgG and IgE anti-OVA antibodies was then followed [4].
• Voltage gated calcium channel currents of rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells are blocked by Al3+ [5].

Psychiatry related information on aluminum

• Letter: Aluminum and dialysis dementia [6].
• Tetrahedral Al in the Al(13)-HA complexes was gradually converted to octahedral Al, indicating that Al(13) in Al(13)-HA complexes was decomposed into Al-HA complexes with reaction time [7].

High impact information on aluminum

• Public health. Aluminum is put on trial as a vaccine booster [8].
• Furthermore, an N-terminal peptide of ARF, which blocks ARF binding to Golgi membranes, inhibits GTP[gamma S]- as well as the Al/F-enhanced binding of beta-COP [9].
• While 1 mM F- suppresses PTH secretion by only 21%, and 10 microM Al3+ has virtually no effect at all, together they inhibit PTH release approximately to the level (63% inhibition) observed with 5 mM NaF alone [10].
• We observed that: 1) administration of IL-12 to mice together with protein antigens adsorbed to Alum strongly enhanced the humoral immune response by increasing the synthesis of antigen-specific antibodies of the IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3 subclasses 10- to 1000-fold [11].
• These results suggest that IL-12 is a potent adjuvant for enhancing humoral immunity to protein antigens adsorbed to Alum, primarily by inducing the synthesis of the complement-fixing IgG subclasses 2a, 2b and 3 [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of aluminum

• Two patients with aluminum (Al)- and/or iron-related bone disease complained of bone pain, relieved by deferoxamine therapy [12].
• The factors that determine the speciation of AI and Si and their ultimate tissue distribution and toxicity are dealt with in the second part [13].
• [Kopácek J, Borovec J, Hejzlar J, Ulrich K, Norton S, Amirbahman A. Aluminum control of Phosphorus Sorption in Lake Sediments. Environ Sci Technol 2005; 39: 8784-8789.], despite the development of anoxia in and the release of Fe(II) from the hypolimnia of the two study lakes [14].
• CONCLUSIONS: A model in which the AI tissue distribution/toxicity is mediated by either its citrate or transferrin bound form is proposed [13].
• CONCLUSION : Aluminum sulfate was found to reduce the in vivo allergic reaction cascade induced by skin testing with common allergens [15].

Biological context of aluminum

• (3) Aluminum exposure from parturition throughout life caused the greatest impairment of the range of synaptic plasticity, while prenatal aluminum exposure caused the least [16].
• Using the composite interval mapping method, two significant single factor QTLs (P<0.05) were detected by RRL on chromosomes 1 and 4, where the Col allele showed positive and negative effects on the Al tolerance [17].
• Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and epistasis for Arabidopsis thaliana aluminum (Al) tolerance were analyzed using a recombinant inbred (RI) population of 100 lines derived from a cross between Landsberg erecta and Columbia (Col) [17].
• Spearman's rank correlation analysis indicated that there were positive correlations between blood concentrations of Al, Co, Ni, and Pb and the levels of DNA damage [18].
• These findings suggest that the Al tolerance in a diverse range of wheat genotypes is primarily conditioned by ALMT1 [19].

Anatomical context of aluminum

• The association of beta-COP, a component of coatomer, with Golgi membranes is enhanced by guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate (GTP[gamma S]), a nonhydrolyzable analogue of GTP, and by a mixture of aluminum and fluoride ions (Al/F) [9].
• The transscleral effects on rabbit ciliary body of Nd:YAG and diode laser wavelengths were compared using a CW Nd:YAG laser and a CW Aluminum Gallium Arsenide diode laser [20].
• Mice immunized with TAChR/Alum developed anti-AChR CD4(+) T cells response, but minimal antibody levels and symptoms [21].
• Aluminum hydroxide (Alum) was used to immunize B6 mice to the TAChR and prime CD4(+) T and B cells secreting Th2 cytokines [21].
• We studied the effects of a 2-day exposure to aluminum (Al), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) stress on root exudates and root apices of aseptically grown poplar (Populus tremula L.) cuttings [22].

Associations of aluminum with other chemical compounds

• Electroporation can cause artefacts due to solubilization of cations from the electrode plates. Aluminum ions enhance conversion of inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate into inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in electroporated L1210 cells [23].
• The AMs in culture dissolved Fe and Al from the fibers but the dissolution of Si was more marked in the cell culture medium without cells and in the Gamble's solution [24].
• A phase 1 clinical trial was conducted in healthy adult volunteers with the long synthetic peptide (LSP) GLURP(85-213) combined with either Aluminum Hydroxide (Alum, 18 volunteers) or Montanide ISA 720 (ISA, 18 volunteers) as adjuvants [25].
• Electrochemistry of Aluminum Phthalocyanine: Solvent and Anion Effects on UV-Visible Spectra and Reduction Mechanisms [26].
• For this study we used solid-state 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, high-power decoupling with magic angle spinning (HPDec-MAS) NMR, and cross polarization with magic angle spinning (CP-MAS) NMR to determine the chemical nature of potentially mobile P associated with aluminum (Al) and calcium (Ca) in selected arable soils [27].

Gene context of aluminum

• Protective roles of two aluminum (Al)-induced genes, HSP150 and SED1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in Al and oxidative stresses [28].
• The major aluminum (Al) tolerance gene in wheat ALMT1 confers [19].
• The GSH and GSH-Px activity in the Al + PH group demonstrated a synergic effect of Al and PH [29].
• The data indicated that Al is an inhibitor of catalase [29].
• In the present case report we describe a chronic hemodialysis patient presenting with a massive calcification of the left shoulder region, severe aluminum (Al) intoxication and moderate hyperparathyroidism [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of aluminum

• Al loading, partial immobilization, endogenous corticosteroids, and cytokine production may be among the etiologic factors [1].
• Cubic aluminum silicides RE8Ru12Al49Si9(Al(x)Si12-x) (RE = Pr, Sm) from liquid aluminum. Empty (Si,Al)12 cuboctahedral clusters and assignment of the Al/Si distribution with neutron diffraction [31].
• We conclude that Al-containing phosphate binders were a more important source of Al than was dialysate in these patients and that residual renal function can reduce the severity of hyperaluminemia in hemodialysis patients [32].
• We investigated 106 home hemodialysis patients whose mean [+/- SEM] serum aluminum (Al) concentration was 60.9 +/- 4.1 micrograms/liter [32].
• A technique for performing transurethral prostatectomy was devised using a Neodymium:Yttrium Aluminum Garnet laser in a canine model [33].

References