Disease relevance of Ciliary Body

• In contrast, no NPY-immunoreactive fibers were observed in the iris or ciliary body of acutely sympathectomized rats, suggesting that NPY-immunoreactive neurons in the ciliary ganglion do not normally transport detectable levels of NPY to their terminals [1].
• Moreover, the expression of experimental autoimmune uveitis in mice immunized with interphotoreceptor retinol binding protein was significantly suppressed if the animals were pretreated with peritoneal exudate cells pulsed with this Ag in the presence of iris and ciliary body supernatants.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)[2]
• Microphthalmia, cataracts, and chronic nongranulomatous inflammation involving the anterior and/or posterior segments of the eye were also found. gamma GT is detectable histochemically as early as 11.5 gestational days in the outer neuroectodermal layer and after birth is more abundant in the ciliary body than in the retinal pigment epithelium [3].
• We also observed that activated NF-kappaB and phosphorylated MAPK are increased in the iris/ciliary body of DBA/2J mice, suggesting that both signaling pathways may be involved in IL-18 mediated pathogenesis of pigmentary glaucoma in the eyes of DBA/2J mice [4].
• METHODS: A monoclonal antibody, 3C12, that reacts with the carboxyl-terminal part of ezrin was used in retrospective analysis of a population-based cohort of 167 consecutive choroidal and ciliary body melanomas in eyes enucleated from 1972 through 1981, with a median follow-up of 22 years [5].

High impact information on Ciliary Body

• In contrast, follistatin, an activin A inhibitor, was higher in iris/ciliary body [6].
• We found that the fluorescent ATP marker quinacrine stained rabbit and bovine ciliary epithelia but not the nerve fibers in the ciliary bodies [7].
• In isolated rabbit ciliary body preparations examined under voltage-clamped conditions, bafilomycin A1 produced a concentration-dependent decrease in short-circuit current, and topical application of bafilomycin A1 reduced intraocular pressure in rabbits, indicating an essential role of the V-ATPase in ciliary epithelial ion transport [8].
• In eye, GLIP was expressed in conjunctival epithelium, whereas MIWC was found in iris, ciliary body, and neural cell layers in retina [9].
• WDR36 gene expression in lens, iris, sclera, ciliary muscles, ciliary body, trabecular meshwork, retina and optic nerve were established by RT-PCR [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Ciliary Body

• Antagonism of TNPA-induced ocular hypotension by raclopride coupled with the immunohistochemical and norepinephrine data suggest that D2 dopamine receptors are located on postganglionic sympathetic neurons in the ciliary body [11].
• Epidemiological studies demonstrated that sunlight may play a role in the occurrence of iridal melanoma, but may not be a major factor in the etiology of ciliary body and choroidal melanomas [12].
• Histologically, the eyes with the HSM PMMA IOL showed retinal degeneration, neovascularization of the ciliary body accompanied by a large number of inflammatory cells, and tumid ciliary processes [13].
• Efficacy of latanoprost in patients with chronic angle-closure glaucoma and no visible ciliary-body face: a preliminary study [14].
• BACKGROUND: This study was carried out in order to obtain information on galactose-containing glycoconjugates in the lens and ciliary body of human eyes with capsular glaucoma and thus on the etiopathogenesis of exfoliation syndrome [15].

Biological context of Ciliary Body

• Roles of cell-adhesion molecules nectin 1 and nectin 3 in ciliary body development [16].
• Angiotensin binding sites in membrane homogenates of rabbit iris/ciliary body and human nonpigmented ciliary epithelial (NPE) cells grown in culture were characterized using radioligand binding assays with (125I)-sarcosine1-isoleucine8-angiotensin II [(125I)-SARILE] [17].
• An epitope-directed antibody to an amino acid sequence at the carboxyl terminus of CBS-1 recognized a main protein of 19.5kDa in ocular ciliary body extracts, and a 23kDa protein in total extracts from E. coli MC1061 cells, which expresses high levels of MsrA [18].
• When these mice were crossed with transgenic mice carrying HrasT24 (containing a codon 12 mutation) driven by the same promoter, the p53val135 transgene partially suppressed the mutant ras phenotype (proximal tubular hyperplasia and adenomas and carcinomas of the ciliary body and retinal pigment epithelium) [19].
• These results provide evidence that the nonpigmented epithelia of the ciliary body are direct targets for melatonin, and supports previous work that melatonin may influence the rate of aqueous humor secretion by ciliary epithelium, and perhaps the circadian rhythm of IOP [20].

Anatomical context of Ciliary Body

• However, unlike noelin, rat optimedin is also highly expressed in the epithelial cells of the iris and the ciliary body in close proximity to the sites of Myoc expression [21].
• DMPK protein was detected in the adult retina, conjunctival and ciliary body epithelia and in the smooth muscle of the ciliary body, pupillary sphincter and uveal blood vessels [22].
• SIX5 transcripts were detected in the adult corneal epithelium and endothelium, lens epithelium, ciliary body epithelia, cellular layers of the retina and the sclera [22].
• It is required for retinal progenitor cell proliferation as well as formation of bipolar cells, a type of retinal interneuron. or(J) (ocular retardation) mice, which are Chx10 null mutants, are microphthalmic and show expanded and abnormal peripheral structures, including the ciliary body [23].
• Like the kidney, the eye contains multiple water channel proteins (aquaporins) that transport water through membranes, including two (AQP1 and AQP4) in the ciliary body, the site of aqueous humor production [24].

Associations of Ciliary Body with chemical compounds

• Bovine ciliary body contains a selenium-independent glutathione peroxidase (GPX) with a molecular mass of about 100 kDa that is composed of four identical subunits and exhibits no glutathione S-transferase activity [25].
• In the barrier composed of double-epithelial layers, such as the epithelium of the ciliary body in the case of the blood-aqueous barrier, gap junctions appear to play an important role in addition to GLUT1 for the transfer of glucose across the barrier [26].
• Only 8.4% of the total alpha-tocopherol occurred in the iris and ciliary body [27].
• Analysis of expression of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in human ciliary body after latanoprost [28].
• After ocular application of either compound there appear to be uptake and storage of the exogenous epinephrine in the iris plus ciliary body [29].

Gene context of Ciliary Body

• Hox-7.1 is expressed after formation of the optic cup, marking the domain that will give rise to the ciliary body [30].
• COX-2 expression in the ciliary body was also lost in patients with steroid-induced glaucoma and was reduced in patients receiving topical steroid treatment [31].
• RESULTS: In normal eyes, ocular COX-1 and -2 expression were largely confined to the nonpigmented secretory epithelium of the ciliary body [31].
• RESULTS: The mRNA of MMP-1, -2, -3, -11, -12, -14, -15, -16, -17, -19, and -24 as well as TIMP-1 to -4 were found in ciliary body tissue and CBSM cells [28].
• Participation of pigment epithelium of iris and ciliary body in ocular immune privilege. 2. Generation of TGF-beta-producing regulatory T cells [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Ciliary Body

• Western blot analyses of human ocular tissues indicated that a glutathione S-transferases (GST) isozyme immunologically similar to mGSTA4-4 was expressed in cornea, retina, and iris and ciliary body, but not in lens [33].
• By immunohistochemistry, in the ciliary bodies of eyes in five patients with diagnosis of early POAG, eyes in two had complete loss of COX-2 expression and in three showed only a few remaining scattered COX-2-expressing cells [31].
• METHODS: Immunocytochemical detection of Cx26, Cx32, Cx43, and Cx50 was performed on frozen sections of rabbit and rat ciliary body using indirect immunofluorescent methods [34].
• An anionic glutathione S-transferase was purified from bovine ciliary body by DEAE-agarose chromatography and affinity chromatography on GSH-agarose and Orange A [35].
• Two weeks after treatment, the eyes were enucleated, and the ciliary body was exposed and submerged in fresh 4% paraformaldehyde/2% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, at 4 degrees C. Electron microscopy of the ciliary body was performed at two sites: the injection site (12-o'clock position) and 180 degrees away (6-o'clock position) [36].

References