Disease relevance of Spin Trapping

• Direct evidence for in vivo hydroxyl-radical generation in experimental iron overload: an ESR spin-trapping investigation [1].
• Treatment of rats with 5 mg/kg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which induces acute endotoxemia, caused an increase in nitric oxide production in the liver, as measured by electron paramagnetic spin trapping, which was evident within 6 hours [2].
• ESR spin-trapping studies on the reaction of Fe2+ ions with H2O2-reactive species in oxygen toxicity in biology [3].
• The spin trapping agent 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) was used to investigate oxy-radical production in post-ischemic rat hearts previously exposed to 20, 30, or 40 minutes of global ischemia [4].
• Failure of allopurinol and a spin trapping agent N-t-butyl-alpha-phenyl nitrone to modify significantly ischaemia and reperfusion-induced arrhythmias [5].

High impact information on Spin Trapping

• Here, we show in rabbits that thalidomide initiates embryonic DNA oxidation and teratogenicity, both of which are abolished by pre-treatment with the free radical spin trapping agent alpha-phenyl-N-t-butylnitrone (PBN) [6].
• Mononuclear phagocytes have the potential for sustained hydroxyl radical production. Use of spin-trapping techniques to investigate mononuclear phagocyte free radical production [7].
• A secondary radical spin-trapping technique was used where hydroxyl radical forms methyl radical upon reaction with DMSO [8].
• Spin trapping and the formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive 2-deoxyribose oxidation products demonstrated the production of .OH in this system [9].
• By using spin trapping techniques in conjunction with electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometry (EPR), superoxide was detected during the aerobic reduction of pyocyanin by NADH or porcine endothelial cells [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Spin Trapping

• The spin-trapping agents also completely prevented toxicity to both the dopamine and GABA populations when cultures were exposed to malonate after pretreatment with buthionine sulfoxamine to reduce glutathione levels [11].
• The incidence of naphthalene-induced cataracts was decreased by pretreatment with the P450 inhibitors SKF 525A and metyrapone, the antioxidants caffeic acid and vitamin E, the glutathione (GSH) precursor N-acetylcysteine, and the free radical spin trapping agent alpha-phenyl-N-t-butylnitrone (p less than 0.05) [12].
• The spin trapping agent PBN stimulates H2 O2 -induced Erk and Src kinase activity in human neuroblastoma cells [13].
• Spin trapping agent, phenyl N-tert-butylnitrone, reduces nitric oxide production in the rat brain during experimental meningitis [14].
• Our present ESR and spin-trapping studies of the redox properties of the system of non-illuminated orellanine, ferrous iron and dioxygen contribute to understanding the molecular mechanism of its toxicity [15].

Biological context of Spin Trapping

• ESR spin-trapping studies conducted in vitro and in vivo demonstrated that P35 functions directly as an antioxidant by mopping out free radicals and consequently prevents cell death by acting at an upstream step in the reactive oxygen species-mediated cell death pathway [16].
• The spin-trapping agent alpha-phenyl-t-butyl nitrone (PBN), which can act as an antioxidant, also effectively delayed senescence and rejuvenated near senescent cells [17].
• Microsomal incubations containing ferrous sulfate in the absence of 3MI to initiate lipid peroxidation produced the same carbon-centered free radical as obtained by spin-trapping [18].
• 4. To differentiate the effects of HCO3-/CO(2) on two- and one-electron thiol oxidation, we monitored GSH, cysteine, and albumin oxidation by peroxynitrite at pH 5.4 and 7.4 by thiol disappearance, oxygen consumption, fast flow EPR, and EPR spin trapping [19].
• The protective effect of the antioxidants melatonin, resveratrol, vitamin E, butylated hydroxytoluene and 2-mercaptoethylamine, and the spin-trapping compound alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) against oxidative DNA damage was studied in the kidney of rats treated with the kidney-specific carcinogen potassium bromate (KBrO3) [20].

Anatomical context of Spin Trapping

• When liver microsomes prepared from rats fed the high-fat ethanol diet were incubated in a system containing ethanol, NADPH, and a spin-trapping agent, the generation of 1-hydroxyethyl radicals was observed [21].
• We have used spin-trapping techniques to identify radical species formed during the NADPH-stimulated peroxidation of rat hepatic microsomes [22].
• In vivo spin trapping of glyceryl trinitrate-derived nitric oxide in rabbit blood vessels and organs [23].
• Using the electron spin resonance/spin trapping system, 4-pyridyl 1-oxide N-tert-butylnitrone (4-POBN)/ethanol, hydroxyl radical was detected as the alpha-hydroxyethyl spin trapped adduct of 4-POBN, 4-POBN-CH(CH3)OH, from phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-stimulated human neutrophils and monocytes without the addition of supplemental iron [24].
• Nifurtimox and nitrofurantoin are reduced by intact rat liver mitochondria to nitro anion radicals whose autoxidation generates superoxide anion as detected by direct electron spin resonance spectroscopy and by spin-trapping experiments, respectively [25].

Associations of Spin Trapping with chemical compounds

• Evidence for .OH generation was then sought using two different spin-trapping agents (5.5 dimethyl-pyrroline-1-oxide or N-t-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone), as well as the deoxyribose oxidation assay [26].
• Free radicals in bile assessed by spin trapping and 4-hydroxynonenal adducts measured by immunohistochemistry were also greater in reduced-size grafts, an effect ameliorated by polyphenols [27].
• Recently several attempts to identify oxygen-derived radicals in whole cells by spin trapping and electron spin resonance have been reported by using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide as the spin trap [28].
• Reversal of age-related increase in brain protein oxidation, decrease in enzyme activity, and loss in temporal and spatial memory by chronic administration of the spin-trapping compound N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone [29].
• By using electron paramagnetic resonance spin-trapping techniques, we monitored NO and .O2- formation in nNOS-transfected human kidney 293 cells [30].

Gene context of Spin Trapping

• ESR spin-trapping studies demonstrated that GIF at 2-6 microm scavenged hydroxyl radicals generated by a Fenton-type reaction or the photolysis of hydrogen peroxide much more effectively than the same concentration of metallothionein I+II [31].
• Using a spin-trapping technique combined with electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, we confirmed this result but also demonstrated that the partially glycosylated form of Duox2, located in the endoplasmic reticulum, generates superoxide in a calcium-dependent manner [32].
• Pre-incubation of cells with spin trapping molecule, 5',5'-dimethylpryrroline-N-oxide (DMPO), prevented mutant SOD1-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death [33].
• By EPR spin trapping, COX-2 inhibitors, ibuprofen, and diclofenac, exhibited a dose-dependent inhibiting effect (10 and 100muM) on the EPR signal appearance [34].
• We investigated the effect of alpha-phenylN-tert-butylnitrone (PBN), a spin-trapping agent that inhibits NF-kappaB activity, on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colonic mucosal injury and inflammation in mice [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Spin Trapping

• Microdialysis was utilized to determine blood and brain distribution of spin-trapping nitrone compounds in the rat following intraperitoneal administration [36].
• To prevent either calcium overload or lipid oxidative processes during reperfusion, either Ketorolac (KET), a calcium ionophore-like drug, or alpha-Phenyl-N-ter-butyl nitrone (PBN), a spin-trapping agent, was administered beforehand [37].
• Since several spin adducts between TMP radicals and MNP, as well as the byproducts of the spin trapping reagent itself, were produced, reverse-phase HPLC was used to separate them [38].
• A spin-trapping method combined with enzymatic digestion and high-performance liquid chromatography was employed to detect hydroxyl-radical-induced precursors of strand breaks in oligonucleotides ((dC)10 and (dT)10) as DNA models [39].
• In the present work, this issue has been addressed through the combined use of the spin-trapping reagent 2-methyl-2-nitrosopropane and peptide mapping by electrospray mass spectrometry to identify Tyr39 and Tyr153 as two tyrosyl residues that are capable of forming radical centers upon reaction of CcP with hydrogen peroxide [40].

References