Disease relevance of Hexamine

• Fixation of 15-dinitrogen was demonstrated with termite gut Treponema ZAS-9 and free-living Spirochaeta aurantia [1].
• After the spirochete had been isolated, its distinctness from other North American tick-borne borreliae as well as from Spirochaeta aurantia, Treponema pallidum, and Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona was established on the basis of its morphology, protein components, and inability to infect mice [2].
• Accordingly, the analysis of Aleuria aurantia lectin-reactive ChE is clinically useful for differentiating liver cirrhosis from chronic hepatitis and to identify high risk groups for hepatocellular carcinomas, i.e., cirrhotic patients in Child's A grade [3].
• The reduction kinetics of the mutants K354M and D124N of the Paracoccus denitrificans cytochrome oxidase (heme aa(3)) by ruthenium hexamine was investigated by stopped-flow spectrophotometry in the absence/presence of NO [4].
• The protein is homologous to the flagellar sheath proteins of Treponema pallidum and Spirochaeta aurantia but not to any other flagellar proteins [5].

High impact information on Hexamine

• Lipid-dependent and phloretin-induced modifications of dipicrylamine adsorption by bilayer membranes [6].
• Here we describe a hybrid approach that combines a genetically encoded fluorescent probe (membrane-anchored enhanced GFP) with dipicrylamine, a synthetic voltage-sensing molecule that partitions into the plasma membrane [7].
• The topology of the tight junction is probed by introducing dipicrylamine (dpa-), a lipid-soluble anion, into the membranes of hepatocyte pairs in culture [8].
• Experiments performed under double whole-cell clamp show that this transfer occurs as follows: First, dpa- causes an intercellular current unrelated to gap junctions to flow in response to an intercellular voltage difference [8].
• If tight junctions are lines of membrane fusion, dpa- will cross the tight junction without traversing a polar headgroup layer [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Hexamine

• Properties of a phosphoenolpyruvate: mannitol phosphotransferase system in Spirochaeta aurantia [9].
• Upon polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Spirochaeta aurantia, Borrelia hermsi, and five Leptospira biflexa serovars showed SOD activity associated with one electrophoretic band which was inhibited by H2O2, suggesting that they were iron-containing dismutases [10].
• The viscous agent used was polyvinylpyrrolidone, The MIV for either Spirochaeta halophila P1 or Spirochaeta aurantia J4T was approximately 1,000 centipoise (cp), and for Leptospira interrogans (biflexa) B16 the MIV was greater than 500 cp [11].
• Carotenoid pigments were purified from a previously undescribed, red, halophilic spirochete (spirochete RS1), and from Spirochaeta aurantia strain J1 [12].
• In an attempt to isolate lipopolysaccharide from Spirochaeta aurantia, Darveau-Hancock extraction of the cell mass was performed [13].

Biological context of Hexamine

• Furthermore, the electric potential across the tight junction will be equal to the difference in membrane potentials of the two cells. dpa- can therefore be expected to move electrophoretically from cell membrane to cell membrane across the junction in response to an intercellular voltage difference [8].
• Silicatein, an enzymatic biocatalyst from the marine sponge Tethya aurantia, is demonstrated to catalyze and template the hydrolysis/condensation of the molecular precursor BaTiF6 at low temperature to form nanocrystalline BaTiOF4, an orthorhombic oxofluorotitanate [14].
• To test this model we have microinjected cobalt hexamine trichloride into interphase nuclei and have observed the rapid condensation of the interphase chromatin into thick fibers with a spacing similar to the native-state interphase correlation length determined from our image analysis [15].
• To understand the molecular characteristics of the proteins composing this silk, we constructed tubuliform-gland-specific cDNA libraries from three different spider families, Nephila clavipes, Argiope aurantia, and Araneus gemmoides [16].
• The average cell velocity was 26 micron/s. A quantitative assay for chemotaxis was used to test various chemicals for their ability to attract S. aurantia M1 [17].

Anatomical context of Hexamine

• Second, this electrophoretic removal or addition of dpa- from a cell's membrane through the tight junction must reduce or increase its dpa- content and thus its capacitance [8].
• More importantly, the DPA treatment produced a sevenfold increase in the size of the capacitance steps observed upon the exocytotic fusion of single secretory granules [18].
• The methods are used to determine the diffusion coefficients of oxygen and ruthenium(III) hexamine [Ru(NH3)6(3+)] in laryngeal cartilage [19].
• We have found that incubations of normal mouse mast cells with the hydrophobic anion dipicrylamine (DPA), increases cell membrane capacitance by about three times [18].
• The theory predicts the salt dependence and binding free energies, of Mg(2+) ions to polynucleotides, of hexamine cobalt(III) to calf thymus DNA, of polyamines to T7 DNA, of oligolysines to poly(U) and poly(a), and of tripeptides to heparin, a charged polysaccharide [20].

Associations of Hexamine with other chemical compounds

• The effect is observed with both cytochrome c and hexamine ruthenium as reductants [21].
• A recently characterized fucose-specific lectin from Aleuria aurantia bound reversibly approximately 60% of the applied protein-bound radioactivity [22].
• In the presence of a hexamine analogue of spermine at a concentration of 25 microM, the hybrids were stabilized with Tm values of 80 and 78 degrees C, for RNA-PODNA and RNA-PSDNA, respectively [23].
• Ten lectins were investigated for their binding to Phl p I components: Aleuria aurantia agglutinin showed strong reactivity (indicating fucose residues), while Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (indicating mannose residues) and concanavalin A (indicating mannose, glucose or N-acetylglucosamine residues) showed weak binding [24].
• The antigenic carbohydrate was present in glycopeptide fractions that either interact with Pisum sativum agglutinin-agarose or were bound by Aleuria aurantia agglutinin-digoxigenin, indicating that these structures contained alpha(1-6)fucose residues [25].

Gene context of Hexamine

• Oligosaccharides released from the two SAP-1 samples by hydrazinolysis were fractionated by paper electrophoresis and by Aleuria aurantia lectin-Sepharose and Bio-Gel P-4 (under 400 mesh) column chromatography [26].
• A 2.7-kilobase Sau3A fragment of Spirochaeta aurantia DNA cloned in pBR322 complemented a trpE deletion in Escherichia coli [27].
• The kinetics of electron transfer between cytochrome-c oxidase and ruthenium hexamine has been characterized using the native enzyme or its cyanide complex either solubilized by detergent (soluble cytochrome oxidase) or reconstituted into artificial phospholipid vesicles (cytochrome oxidase-containing vesicles) [28].
• Two kinetic components with distinct difference spectra occur during reduction of cytochrome c oxidase by ruthenium hexamine [29].
• Concanavalin A, Lens culinaris, Aleuria aurantia, Sambucus nigra, and Maackia amurensis lectins were tested for their binding to the carbohydrates on PSA [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Hexamine

• Guinea pigs received intradermal injections of concentrated spider venom from the following species: Loxosceles reclusa, Argiope aurantia, Argiope trifasciata, Phidippus audax, and Lycosa frondicola [31].
• Oligosaccharides released from the two enzymes by hydrazinolysis were fractionated by paper electrophoresis, serial chromatographies on columns of immobilized Aleuria aurantia lectin, concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin E4, and Datura stramonium agglutinin, and Bio-Gel P-4 (less than 400 mesh) column chromatography [32].
• Cloning and sequence analysis of flaA, a gene encoding a Spirochaeta aurantia flagellar filament surface antigen [33].
• Single and multiple immunizations with living S. aurantia, with or without Freund's incomplete adjuvant, Freund's complete adjuvant, or heat-killed T. pallidum, were carried out over a four-month period [34].
• The outer membrane of Spirochaeta aurantia was isolated after cells were extracted with sodium lauryl sarcosinate and was subsequently purified by differential centrifugation and KBr isopycnic gradient centrifugation [35].

References