Disease relevance of Angpt2

• We then inhibited ang-2 production pharmacologically using novel inhibitors of nox enzymes and found that this treatment nearly abolished bEnd.3 hemangioma growth in vivo [1].
• Angiopoietin 2 expression in the retina: upregulation during physiologic and pathologic neovascularization [2].
• DISCUSSION: The relative increase in angiopoietin-2 activity in brain tumors may result in the creation of a pro-angiogenic environment that enhances the recruitment of putative bone marrow-derived endothelial precursor cells into the tumor's developing vascular tree [3].
• Angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2 and Tie-2 in tumour and non-tumour tissues during growth of experimental melanoma [4].
• Expression of angiopoietin-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in mice cerebral cortex after permanent focal cerebral ischemia [5].

High impact information on Angpt2

• Methylglyoxal modification of mSin3A links glycolysis to angiopoietin-2 transcription [6].
• Angiopoietin-2 sensitizes endothelial cells to TNF-alpha and has a crucial role in the induction of inflammation [7].
• The angiogenic growth factor angiopoietin 2 (Ang2) destabilizes blood vessels, enhances vascular leak and induces vascular regression and endothelial cell apoptosis [8].
• Hyperoxia causes angiopoietin 2-mediated acute lung injury and necrotic cell death [8].
• Remarkably, blood vessel leakage resistance induced by HIF-1alpha overexpression was not caused by up-regulation of angiopoietin-1 or angiopoietin-2 [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Angpt2

• Pharmacologic Blockade of Angiopoietin-2 Is Efficacious against Model Hemangiomas in Mice [1].
• Angiopoietin 2 induces glioma cell invasion by stimulating matrix metalloprotease 2 expression through the alphavbeta1 integrin and focal adhesion kinase signaling pathway [10].

Biological context of Angpt2

• Signal-transduction blockade targeting ang-2 production may be useful in the treatment of human hemangiomas in vivo.Journal of Investigative Dermatology (2006) 126, 2316-2322. doi:10.1038/sj.jid.5700413; published online 1 June 2006 [1].
• The nephrogenic pattern of Ang-2 was documented in a mouse strain that expresses the LacZ reporter gene driven by the Ang-2 promoter [11].
• Among the analyzed angiogenic factors, kringle 1-5 reduced angiopoietin-2 expression levels [12].
• Hence, Ang-2 deficiency causes dysmorphogenesis of cortical peritubular capillaries, with adjacent cells expressing pericyte-like markers; we speculate the latter effect is caused by disturbed paracrine signaling between endothelial and surrounding mesenchymal precursor cells [13].
• We used hydrophobic analysis and comparative sequence/structure analysis to select a minimal peptide based on angiopoietin-2 amino acid sequence [14].

Anatomical context of Angpt2

• Angiopoietin 2 stimulates migration and tube-like structure formation of murine brain capillary endothelial cells through c-Fes and c-Fyn [15].
• Angiopoietin-2 mRNA and protein expression could not be detected in preimplantation embryos [16].
• Examination of the uteri revealed Ang-2 mRNA and protein expression in the oestrogen-dominated cycling phase and the progesterone-dominated mated phase, whereas Ang-1 expression was restricted to the mated phase [16].
• This dynamic and developmentally regulated pattern indicates that Ang-2 is an early marker of the renal pericyte and vascular smooth muscle lineage and is also an epithelial-derived growth factor [11].
• In this study, we have demonstrated that ang2 mRNA levels are increased in the retina during development of the deep retinal capillaries by angiogenesis and during pathologic angiogenesis in a model of ischemic retinopathy [2].

Associations of Angpt2 with chemical compounds

• Expression of angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2, and the Tie-2 receptor tyrosine kinase during mouse kidney maturation [17].
• In addition, prostate luminal epithelial cells produced angiopoietin-2, an angiogenesis inhibitor [18].
• Here we examine the effects of androgen on production of three angiogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin-1, and angiopoietin-2, by the three major cell types in the prostate [18].
• We investigated the expression of angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) by in situ hybridization and compared it with the distribution of apoptotic cells identified by DNA strand breaks (using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling [TUNEL] method) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) [19].
• In contrast, the angiopoietin-2/tie-2 system was not changed even after 4days of prazosin treatment [20].

Regulatory relationships of Angpt2

• Leptin induces angiopoietin-2 expression in adipose tissues [21].

Other interactions of Angpt2

• Ang1 and Tie2 decreased in trophoblastic giant cells and Ang2 was decreased in placental endothelial cells [22].
• Results showed that VEGF-A stained epithelial cells, while anti-VEGFR-2 and -Ang-2 antibodies stained endothelial cells [23].
• 5. Southern blot analysis confirmed PCR data for ang2 expression in both the lung and pancreas [24].
• The opposite modulations of vascular endothelial growth factor expression and of angiopoietin 2, monokine induced by IFN-gamma, IFN-inducible protein 10, and inducible NO synthetase by IL-12-activated LYs fit in well with the inhibition of angiogenesis that characterizes the antitumor activity of IL-12 [25].
• Angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) is expressed along the surface of the retina for several days after birth, but by P7 and later, Ang2 is only expressed in the region of the deep capillary bed [26].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Angpt2

• The fine structure of lymphatic capillaries in the digestive organs of angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) knockout mice was studied by using both immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy [27].
• Studies in a murine cardiac transplantation model demonstrated that synergist interactions of PDGF-AB plus VEGF plus Ang-2 (PVA) provided an immediate restoration of senescent cardiac vascular function [28].
• Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin-1, and angiopoietin-2 in tumors was examined by Western blotting [12].
• Expression of VEGF and Angiopoietin-1 and Angiopoietin-2 protein by murine neutrophils was evaluated by confocal immunohistochemistry [29].
• RT-PCR data demonstrated expression of ang1 and ang2 in the developing mouse lung between gestational day E9.5 and postnatal day 1, and in the developing pancreas between gestational days E12.5 and E18 [24].

References