Disease relevance of LOC292872

• CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicated that kallikrein gene delivery attenuates hypertension and protects against renal injury and cardiac remodeling in the rat remnant kidney model of chronic renal failure [1].
• Two weeks after gene delivery, the effect of kallikrein on renal fibrosis was examined by biochemical and histologic analysis [2].
• Myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis were also attenuated in rats receiving kallikrein gene delivery [1].
• A maximal blood pressure reduction of 37 mm Hg was observed within one week in rats receiving kallikrein gene delivery as compared with control rats receiving adenovirus containing the luciferase gene (159 +/- 5 vs. 196 +/- 6 mm Hg, N = 15, P < 0.001), and a significant blood pressure difference continued for five weeks postgene delivery [1].
• In Western blot analyses, a specific monoclonal antibody to tissue kallikrein (V4D11) identifies GH3-secreted kallikrein as a approximately 39,000 Da protein, slightly larger than approximately 38,000 Da kallikreins of submandibular gland, mouse anterior pituitary cells (AtT 20) or rodent neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid cells (NG108) [3].

Psychiatry related information on LOC292872

• Water deprivation for 24 h resulted, also in both strains, in a similar reduction in urinary kallikrein excretion [4].

High impact information on LOC292872

• These pulmonary lesions were prevented when the infected animals were treated with H-D-Pro-Phe-Arg-chloromethylketone, an inhibitor of coagulation factor XII and plasma kallikrein, suggesting that inhibition of contact system activation could be used therapeutically in severe infectious disease [5].
• Hoe 140, a bradykinin B2-receptor antagonist, had no effect on the hypotensive effect of kallistatin yet it abolished the blood pressure-lowering effect of kinin and kallikrein [6].
• Kallistatin is a serine proteinase inhibitor which binds to tissue kallikrein and inhibits its activity [6].
• A maximal effect of blood pressure reduction of 46 mmHg in rats was observed 2-3 wk after injection with kallikrein DNA as compared to rats with vector DNA (n = 6, P < 0.05) [7].
• These results show that direct gene delivery of human tissue kallikrein causes a sustained reduction in systolic blood pressure in genetically hypertensive rats and indicate that the feasibility of kallikrein gene therapy for treating human hypertension should be studied [7].

Chemical compound and disease context of LOC292872

• Kallikrein gene expression in estrogen-induced pituitary tumors [8].
• The serine proteinase tissue kallikrein has been previously demonstrated in several human adenocarcinomas, and we presently report the localization of immunoreactive kallikrein and its mRNA in pancreatic adenocarcinoma [9].
• Kallikrein gene transfer also significantly attenuated elevated plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels, food and water intake, and loss of body weight gain, epididymal fat pad, and gastrocnemius muscle weight in STZ-induced diabetic rats [10].
• In DOCA-salt hypertension, renal kallikrein levels are increased and may play a protective role in renal injury [11].
• Kallikrein gene transfer significantly decreased DOCA- and salt-induced proteinuria, glomerular sclerosis, tubular dilatation, and luminal protein casts [11].

Biological context of LOC292872

• NH2-terminal amino acid sequences of the light and heavy chains reveal 74-84% identity to rat tissue kallikrein, tonin, and other kallikrein-related enzymes [12].
• Kallikrein gene delivery inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell growth and neointima formation in the rat artery after balloon angioplasty [13].
• Four distinct kallikrein-related mRNAs (PS, S1, S2, and S3), encoded by members of a multigene family, are selectively expressed in various combinations in several rat tissues [14].
• The nucleotide sequences of the third, fourth, and fifth exons of the RSKG-50 gene encode a polypeptide of 188 aa residues [15].
• Tissue kallikrein attenuates salt-induced renal fibrosis by inhibition of oxidative stress [2].

Anatomical context of LOC292872

• Tissue kallikrein and tonin levels in submandibular glands of STZ-induced diabetic rats and the effects of insulin [16].
• Incorporation of [35S]methionine into kallikrein and protein 20 min after intraperitoneal injection was measured in submaxillary gland, pancreas, kidney and descending colon [17].
• Pituitary and pineal gland kallikrein concentrations were significantly higher than those in other regions [18].
• The serine proteinase glandular kallikrein has been demonstrated in the gastrointestinal tract, although there is some doubt as to whether it is synthesized there or derives from exocrine-gland secretions [19].
• Kallikrein-gene expression in the rat gastrointestinal tract [19].

Associations of LOC292872 with chemical compounds

• The results indicate that T-kininogenase belongs to the group of structurally similar yet distinct kallikrein-like serine proteases [12].
• After gene delivery, human kallikrein mRNA was identified at the injured vessel and a 3-fold increase occurred in kininogenase activity. cAMP and cGMP levels in balloon-injured aorta increased significantly at 4, 7, and 14 days after kallikrein gene delivery, but icatibant abolished the increase [13].
• In dot blot analysis, kallikrein mRNA levels were increased 5-fold by 17 beta-estradiol in the whole pituitary of castrated male rats [18].
• Kallikrein gene delivery significantly decreased total urinary protein and albumin excretion and increased levels of urinary kinin, nitrite/nitrate, and cGMP levels [1].
• Tissue kallikrein synthesis and its modification by testosterone or low dietary sodium [17].

Regulatory relationships of LOC292872

• We studied the possibility of intestinal absorption of glandular kallikrein in unanesthetized rats after administration of 5 mg of active or phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride-inactivated pig pancreatic kallikrein (PPK) [20].

Other interactions of LOC292872

• Compared to the coding sequence of pancreatic kallikrein, 12 nucleotides have been deleted in exon 3 of the RSKG-50 gene [15].
• The amino acid sequence of the predicted active form of the enzyme is closely related to the partial sequences obtained for other kallikrein-like serine proteases including rat submaxillary gland kallikrein, pig pancreatic and submaxillary gland kallikreins, the gamma subunit of mouse nerve growth factor, and rat tonin [21].
• We studied whether messenger RNA (mRNA) for SEV is present in the kidney and isolated glomeruli, using the polymerase chain reaction assay with primers specific to the entire rat kallikrein family that would amplify a 430-bp fragment from their mRNA [22].
• The purified cardiac enzyme has both N-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester esterolytic and kinin-releasing activities, and displays parallelism with standard curves in a kallikrein radioimmunoassay, indicating it to have immunological identity with tissue kallikrein [23].
• Esterase B appears to be a trypsin-like serine protease having some homology with glandular kallikrein [24].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of LOC292872

• Balloon angioplasty reduced endogenous rat tissue kallikrein mRNA and protein levels at the injured site [13].
• Western-blot analysis shows that 125I-labelled kallikrein monoclonal antibodies (V4D11) bind directly to a 38 kDa protein in submandibular-gland and pancreatic extracts and urine [25].
• Northern blot analyses show sex dimorphism of pituitary kallikrein mRNA, similar in size to submandibular gland and kidney mRNA [18].
• RESULTS: Kallikrein gene delivery resulted in reduced blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urinary protein and albumin levels in DSS rats on a high salt diet [2].
• Kallikrein content was measured with a direct radioimmunoassay, and kallikrein-specific incorporation of [35S]methionine measured after immunoprecipitation [17].

References