Disease relevance of Tswt

• We demonstrate here that testis-weight reduction is seen in male null mice generated on three different genetic backgrounds (denoted R1, W9.5, and C57), whereas body-weight reduction is dependent on the genetic background as well as the gender of the animals [1].
• The response of mouse testis stem cells to hyperthermia and combined hyperthermia-radiation treatments was assayed by spermatogenic colony regrowth, sperm head counts, testis weight loss, and fertility [2].
• Transient neonatal hypothyroidism allows prolonged postnatal Sertoli cell mitogenesis and doubles adult Sertoli cell numbers, testis weight, and sperm production [3].
• A torsion of 720 degrees for 2 h caused disruption of the seminiferous epithelium and significantly reduced testis weight and daily sperm production [4].
• These results show that cardiac arrest affects testis weight and some aspects of BTB function [5].

High impact information on Tswt

• We found no abnormalities in the testatin knockout mice with regard to fetal and adult testis morphology, cellular ultrastructure, body and testis weight, number of offspring, spermatogenesis, or hormonal parameters (testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone) [6].
• Although testis weight and morphology were normal in testes from adult mice, examination of young mice during the first wave of spermatogenesis revealed that testes were approximately 10% smaller in weight at 40 and 45 days of age but had become normal at 65 days of age [7].
• Testis weight was reduced by 42%, and there was extensive Sertoli cell vacuolization, loss of germ cells, reduced sperm counts, and disruption of the seminiferous tubules [8].
• However, inactivation of the Arl4 gene resulted in a significant reduction of testis weight and sperm count by 30 and 60%, respectively, without reduction of litter size or frequency [9].
• Testis weight and homogenization-resistant spermatid numbers were measured to evaluate the potential protective effects on spermatogenesis [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Tswt

• Body weight, testis weight, serum total testosterone, and TIMP-1, -2, -3, and -4 transcript expression were determined [11].
• In the group treated with the highest dose of acrylamide (60 mg/kg/day), the loss of body weight and reduced testis weight were observed [12].
• When male B6C3F1 mice were irradiated with Cs-gamma-rays at 0.119 (equivalent 4.63 MBq tritiated water) or 2.38 Gy (equivalent 92.5 MBq tritiated water), body weights and size of the seminiferous tubules were decreased at both doses, and the larger dose also caused reduction of testis weight and abnormal sperm [13].
• The presence of this factor could lead to an increase in the hydrolysis of pregnenolone sulfate, but as for cryptorchidism or high environmental temperature exposure, when cryptorchid mice were exposed to temperatures of 34 degrees C an apparent synergism of both conditions produced a decrease of 66% in testis weight [14].
• When a compound produced infertility through direct effects of testicular function (Carbendazim (MBC) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP)), then testis weight, testicular histology, and testicular sperm head counts provided sensitive indicators of toxicity [15].

Biological context of Tswt

• The C57BL/6J-X(MSM) males showed reduced testis weight with variable defects in spermatogenesis and abnormal sperm head morphology [16].
• Lack of EF-hand caused reductions in the testis weight and sperm count by 30 and 60%, respectively [17].
• Our studies demonstrate that: 1) deficiency of iNOS results in failure to eliminate a small portion of pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids by apoptosis, resulting in a remarkable increase in testis weight and sperm output; 2) deficiency of iNOS confers partial resistance to heat-induced germ cell apoptosis [18].
• Testis weight loss of C3H and Swiss-Webster (SW) mice was used as endpoint to determine the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of p(26) + Be fast neutrons with respect to Co-60 gamma irradiation [19].
• The maximal hCG-induced increases in testis weight and serum T concentrations were similar to those for T treatment and produced complete spermatogenesis characterized by mature, basally located Sertoli cells (SCs) with tripartite nucleoli, condensed haploid sperm, and lumen development [20].

Anatomical context of Tswt

• This analysis successfully detected at least three distinct loci for the sperm head morphology and one for the testis weight [16].
• Testis weight increased 5-fold, reflecting a 5-fold increase in total seminiferous tubule volume and a 4- to 5-fold increase in the total volume of the seminiferous epithelium [21].
• Moreover, prepubertal MSG rats revealed a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in testis weight and the number of Sertoli (SC) and Leydig cells per testis [22].
• Effects on spermatogonia were evaluated by studying testis-weight, sperm-count and sperm abnormalities [23].
• Between 12 and 24 months of age, male mice experienced a declining level of fertility associated with decreased testis weight, level of spermatogenesis, and total stem cell content [24].

Associations of Tswt with chemical compounds

• Testis and sperm morphology, testis weight, and serum testosterone levels, as well as GnRH secretion, were unchanged [25].
• All androgen-sensitive end-points (testis weight, tubular, and luminal diameters, round spermatids) were fully maintained with T implants of 0.06 cm and elongated spermatids with T implants of 0.25 cm [26].
• Testis weight, sperm number, and numbers of morphologically abnormal sperm were unaffected by DEHP following treatment [27].
• Spontaneous apoptosis of germ cells is rarely observed in the adult mouse testis, but under the experimental conditions described here, busulfan-treated mice exhibited a marked increase in apoptosis and a decrease in testis weight [28].
• Those changes occur in the thymus and its cell subsets, in peripheral blood lymphocytes, in the restoration of juvenile levels of thyroxine, in the increase of testis weight, and in the normalization of plasma zinc levels [29].

Other interactions of Tswt

• Testis weight was reduced in Pss2-deficient mice, and some of the male mice were infertile [30].
• The testis weight and the degree of spermatogenesis in cryptorchidized normal (jsd/+) and jsd mutant mice were almost identical [31].
• Weanling hpg mice were administered hCG (0.1-100 IU i.p. injection three times weekly) or T (1-cm subdermal Silastic implant) for 6 weeks, after which stereological estimates of germinal cell populations, serum and testicular T content, and testis weight were evaluated [20].
• Administration of 80 or 160 micrograms testosterone oenanthate s.c. three times per week for 8 or 12 weeks reduced testis weight and increased seminal vesicle weight in mice [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Tswt

• Postnatal day 1 (P1) tissue grafts elicited a similar rise in testis weight in 77% of recipients, whereas P5 tissue was only successful in 22% of cases [33].
• Whole body irradiation with 1 to 3 Gy resulted in a significant decline in testis weight from Day 14 to 35 post-irradiation depending on the exposure dose [34].
• The effect of a two-fraction heat treatment on mouse testis has been assessed by measuring testis weight loss at 1 week after treatment [35].

References