Disease relevance of PGD

• The linkage phases of the heterozygous enzyme markers phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and phosphoglucomutase 1 and the chromosome 1 centromere heteromorphism were established for the patient and for three of the heterozygous teratomas by analysis of Chinese hamster-human somatic cell hybrids [1].
• The unique property that the M. tuberculosis enzyme shares with E. coli PGDH that it is very sensitive to inhibition by L-serine, with an I(0.5) = 30 microm [2].
• The differential sensitivity to serine inhibition by M. tuberculosis and human PGDH may open up interesting possibilities in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis [2].
• D-3-Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PGDH) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been isolated to homogeneity and displays an unusual relationship to the Escherichia coli and mammalian enzymes [2].
• We hypothesized that a decrease of PGDH activity could contribute to an increase in PG output at the time of preterm labor (PTL) especially in association with infection [3].

Psychiatry related information on PGD

• Lutzomyia youngi Feliciangelis and Murillo and L. spinicrassa Morales, Osorno, Osorno, and Hoyos each have diagnostic allomorphs for phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH) and fumarate hydratase (FUM) [4].
• We speculate that PGDH activity was raised in the uterus of transsexual women because of the prolonged androgen therapy they received for the management of female-to-male transsexualism [5].

High impact information on PGD

• Our studies have shown that responsiveness of amnion, a key intrauterine tissue, to interleukin-1beta is abrogated by inhibition of histone deacetylation, whereas PGDH amounts were increased basally [6].
• Proinsulin and insulin exerted similar maximal stimulatory effects on glycogen synthesis and on the activities of pyruvate kinase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and malic enzyme [7].
• To study the interaction of P(4) and F on the regulation of PGDH, we treated chorion and placental trophoblast cells in culture with combinations of F, dexamethasone, P(4), trilostane, and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) [8].
• F and dexamethasone decreased PGDH activity and mRNA levels [8].
• Exogenous P(4) did not significantly alter PGDH activity or mRNA levels; however, MPA significantly stimulated PGDH activity [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of PGD

• The objective was to investigate a possible relation between 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2), converting cortisol to cortisone, and PGDH gene expression in the placenta of patients with preeclampsia [9].

Biological context of PGD

• The addition of negroid phenotypes to the already heterogeneous population of Israel caused us to reuse the enzymes G6PD and PGD which are known to have a better discrimination power in a negroid population than in caucasians [10].
• Gene frequencies of cEs, PGD and Hb were biased in the three species [11].
• When the amino acid sequences of human PGD and sheep PGD were aligned, 94.2% identity between these two proteins was found [12].
• Identification of a cDNA encoding 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from a human heart cDNA library [12].
• Towards multilocus sequence typing of the Leishmania donovani complex: resolving genotypes and haplotypes for five polymorphic metabolic enzymes (ASAT, GPI, NH1, NH2, PGD) [13].

Anatomical context of PGD

• Phosphoglucomutase1 and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase types in human skin and adipose tissue [14].
• PGD phenotyping in bloodstains, organ tissues, dental pulps and hair roots by isoelectric focusing [15].
• We have purified glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconolactonase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from human erythrocytes to the point where each enzyme is essentially free of each of the other activities [16].
• Activity of some enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in human subcutaneous adipose tissue in newborns, infants and adults. I. Activity of pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase [17].
• PGDH activity in chorion was significantly lower in PTL than at term and was further reduced when PTL was associated with inflammation [3].

Associations of PGD with chemical compounds

• Phosphoglucomutase1 (PGM1) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD) types in the human hairbulb [18].
• The natural product of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction is 6-phosphoglucono-delta-lactone, which must be hydrolyzed to 6-phosphogluconic acid before it can be further metabolized by 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase [16].
• 4. Phosphoglucomutase had a higher heterozygosity than anodal malate dehydrogenase and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase [19].
• The method is compared with others that are designed to circumvent the secondary reaction by either (a) addition of excess phosphogluconate dehydrogenase to drive the secondary reaction to completion or (b) inhibition of endogenous phosphogluconate dehydrogenase by 2,3-diphosphoglycerate [20].
• It may possibly correspond to the PGD "Kadar" variant (PGDA/PGDKadar), with which it was quite similar, in electrophoretic mobility, staining intensity and sensitivity to 2-mercaptoethanol [21].

Other interactions of PGD

• The linkage chi 2 for G6PD-PGD locus pairs was significant (P less than 0.001) in all reciprocal backcross hybrid broods (22.7% recombinants in the combined data), indicating linkage in both parental species [22].
• There was a heterogeneity between island samples in the ESD and PGD systems [23].
• Phenotypes could be distinguished after up to 15 days of aging for PGM and ten days of aging for PGD [14].
• Mitochondrial aconitate hydratase, alpha-glucosidase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and phosphoglucomutase-2 are unlinked to other loci [24].
• Adaptational changes in kinetic parameters of G6PDH but not of PGDH during contamination-induced carcinogenesis in livers of North Sea flatfish [25].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of PGD

• This technique provided much higher resolution of PGD isoenzymes than starch gel electrophoresis [15].
• An analysis was presented for identification of 20 species and subspecies of Leishmania by cellulose acetate electrophoresis data from the enzymes glucose phosphate isomerase, mannose phosphate isomerase, and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase [26].
• Following a 24-h steroid treatment period and 4-h PGF(2alpha) challenge, culture media and cells were collected for measurement of PGF(2alpha) levels and PGDH mRNA by RIA and Northern blotting analysis [8].
• In placental tissue taken from 20 healthy women with normal pregnancy, 20 premature babies born after labor before term, and 18 neonates after preeclamptic pregnancy, 11beta-HSD2 and PGDH messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was determined using quantitative TaqMan real-time PCR and quantitative competitive PCR [9].
• Western blot analysis demonstrated that the protein identified by this antibody in the 105,000g supernatant fraction of lung tissue from pregnant rabbits had a molecular mass of 30 kDa and comigrated with the purified PGDH [27].

References