Disease relevance of BAT2

• Genetic contribution of the BAT2 gene microsatellite polymorphism to the age-at-onset of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus [1].
• The negative associations between the BAT2/RsaI 2.3 kb marker and HLA-B8 and HLA-DR3 raise the question as to whether this BAT allele may play a role in protecting against certain autoimmune diseases [2].
• There were 10 urothelial papillomas (UPs), 10 grade 1 papillary carcinomas (G1), 10 grade 2 papillary carcinomas (G2) and 10 grade 3 papillary carcinomas (G3) [3].
• None of the G1 or G2 tumors with full nm23 expression had axillary lymph node metastases [4].
• Likewise, 49 of 57 Grade 2 (G2) carcinomas (86%) and 20 of 22 Grade 3 (G3) carcinomas (91%) showed reduced nm23 expression [4].

Psychiatry related information on BAT2

• In general, adolescent delinquency plays a larger role in linking the generations for G2 fathers, whereas parenting behaviors and financial stress play a larger role for G2 mothers [5].
• This effect was fully mediated by G2 early adolescent behavior problems [6].

High impact information on BAT2

• The human rotamase or peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase Pin1 is a conserved mitotic regulator essential for the G2/M transition of the eukaryotic cell cycle [7].
• We have conducted a detailed structural analysis of 90 kilobases (kb) of the HLA Class III region from the Bat2 gene at the centromeric end to 23 kb beyond TNF [8].
• S. cerevisiae 26S protease mutants arrest cell division in G2/metaphase [9].
• In normal epidermis, the cycling fractions (cells in S/G2/M phase) of these cells were similar to the CD29+K1/K10- keratinocytes, whereas in lesional epidermis their cycling pools were increased relative to normal, but not so much as the proliferative fractions of psoriatic CD29+ K1/K10- keratinocytes [10].
• Expression of the G1 cDNA in Chinese hamster ovary cells produced ALAD protein with little activity; the G2 cDNA produced the enzyme with approximately 50% normal activity [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of BAT2

• Taken together, the results provide strong evidence that Golgi retention of the heterodimeric G1-G2 spike protein complex of Uukuniemi virus is mediated by a short region in the cytoplasmic tail of the G1 glycoprotein [12].
• Dry/wet heart weight ratios were also greater in GGA (0.20), when compared with G2 (0.16), GX (0.17), GM (0.17), GM (0.17), and GL (0.17) (all p < 0.02), suggesting less cellular/interstitial edema [13].
• Linkage studies of the insulin gene, the insulin receptor gene, the erythrocyte/Hep G2 glucose transporter locus, and the apolipoprotein B locus have shown no association with MODY [14].

Biological context of BAT2

• The BAT2 gene lies within the class III region of the major histocompatibility complex [1].
• Twelve cosmid clones are arranged in three contigs that confirm most of the structure of the P1 contig and link the mouse BAT3 homolog to the BAT2 homolog approximately 15 kb farther telomeric [15].
• We have analyzed the S/D region in 14 inbred mouse strains by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) using human BAT2 and BAT5 genes as probes [16].
• The histology was Grade 1 (G1) in 36, Grade 2 (G2) in 18, Grade 3 (G3) in 28, and unknown in 19 patients [17].
• CONCLUSION: Since the QKRAA/QRRAA epitope does not provide any risk for disease susceptibility in RA-susceptibility DRB1 epitope-negative patients, the present data suggest that the class III region haplotype D6S273 138-HSP70c-Bat2 138-TNFa2 provides an additional risk for the development of RA [18].

Anatomical context of BAT2

• These results suggest that the BAT2 microsatellite polymorphism is associated with the age-at-onset of IDDM and possibly with the inflammatory process of pancreatic beta-cell destruction during the development of IDDM [1].
• The volume density of tonofilaments was increased in G1, but decreased in G2 and G3 tumor cells [19].
• CONCLUSION: Taken together, this data indicates that radiation-induced cell death of KG1a, a cell line that has a relatively high D0 value, does not seem to be the result of the apoptotic pathway but occurs subsequent to a G2/M phase arrest [20].
• A G2 glycoprotein construct with an extra hydrophobic sequence derived from the N-terminal NSM region was stably retained in the ER, and was unable to be transported to the Golgi complex [21].
• In G0, G1 and G2 histological type (Sydney classification) of gastritis the number of lymphocytes obtained from the gastric mucosa biopsies was too low for the flow cytometric analysis [22].

Associations of BAT2 with chemical compounds

• BAT2 also contains four Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motifs typical of the integrin receptor family [23].
• Both BAT2 and BAT3 are very rich in proline and include short tracts of polyproline, polyglycine, and charged amino acids [23].
• The results indicate that the hydrophobic domain preceding the G2 glycoprotein can function as a translocational signal peptide, and that the hydrophobic domain near the C-terminus serves as a membrane anchor [21].
• Percent recovery in PLVP was improved (p < 0.03) in GL (81 +/- 2) and GGA (81 +/- 2) vs. G2 (71 +/- 3), without significant alterations in oxygen consumption [13].
• CONCLUSIONS: The effect of progesterone is seen only on proliferation in low-grade (G1 and G2) tumors [24].

Other interactions of BAT2

• Co-dominant segregation and allelic behavior was seen for the BAT1/NcoI 12 kb and 8 kb bands and the BAT2/RsaI 2.7 kb and 2.3 kb bands, respectively [2].
• Loss of PTEN staining was significantly related to the advanced staging in the grade 1 (G1) and grade 2 (G2) endometrioid adenocarcinoma group (p=0.026) [25].
• The greatest difficulties are found with G1 and G2 cases [3].
• CD4 count and percentage; CD(4)/CD(8) ratio and CD(25)(+) and CD(4)(+)CD(25)(+) percentages increased but HLA-DR+ percentage decreased either during or post malaria in G2 [26].
• The putative BAT2 and BAT3 proteins are 228 and 110 kDa, respectively, and do not appear to be members of any known family of proteins [23].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of BAT2

• Antibodies generated by a novel DNA vaccination identify the MHC class III encoded BAT2 polypeptide [27].
• G1 and G2 were shown to be glycosylated by their ability to bind concanavalin A to nitrocellulose transfers of the separated proteins ('Western blots') [28].
• Reperfusion arrhythmia (in sec) was significantly (all p < 0.05) shorter in GGA (115 +/- 33) vs G1 (315 +/- 29) and G2 (273 +/- 33), and also in GL (161 +/- 26) vs G1 [13].
• The two most common norovirus clusters (G2 clusters 1 and 4) occurred in the capital of Victoria, Melbourne, and regional Victoria, but the least common clusters (G2 clusters 2 and 3 and G1 cluster 8) only occurred in inner Melbourne. Norovirus was occasionally detected by EM but not by RT-PCR [29].
• Ten G2 patients developed chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD) [30].

References