Disease relevance of Flocculation

• Latex agglutination and counterelectrophoresis were equally good methods for the diagnosis of trichinosis and were more sensitive than the bentonite flocculation test [1].
• The effect of various commercial barium sulfate preparations on blood coagulation, flocculation, and hemolysis was studied [2].
• Genetic complementation of a spontaneous mutant, impaired in flocculation, Congo red binding, and colonization of root surface, led to the identification of a new regulatory gene in Azospirillum brasilense Sp7, designated flcA [3].
• The prozone phenomenon, seen during primary and secondary syphilis, occurs because a higher than optimal amount of antibody in the tested sera prevents the flocculation reaction typifying a positive result in reagin tests [4].
• The presence of relatively high concentrations of sorbitol in the suspensions resulted in flocculation due to dehydration of surfactant polyoxyethylene groups (reflected by the cloud point) [5].

High impact information on Flocculation

• Derepression of the flocculation gene FLO1, which is normally repressed by the Tup1-Ssn6 corepressor, leads to its identification as a constitutive Swi-Snf-dependent gene [6].
• When overexpressed, Flo11p and Fig2p can function in mating, invasion, filamentation, and flocculation [7].
• We found that: 1) the initial rate of flocculation of certain proteins, 2) the initial rate of agglutination of formalin-fixed platelets, and 3) the binding of ristocetin to formalin-fixed platelets are higher order solely with respect to the concentration of ristocetin dimers [8].
• Kluyveromyces bulgaricus yeast lectins. Isolation of N-acetylglucosamine and galactose-specific lectins: their relation with flocculation [9].
• At pH 4.5, this lectin agglutinates both glutaraldehyde-fixed sheep and rabbit red blood cells and induces flocculation of deflocculated K. bulgaricus cells [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Flocculation

• Evidence for interfacial uptake in hexadecane degradation by Rhodococcus equi: the importance of cell flocculation [10].
• Reagin has the ability to combine with cardiolipin, therefore, cardiolipin has traditionally been used as the antigen in different test configurations for the serological detection of syphilis: the VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory) flocculation test and the RPR (rapid plasma reagin) test [11].
• The flocculation of cell debris from a beta-galactosidase constitutive E. coli with chitosan as a flocculant was studied to investigate the possibility of obtaining a selective flocculation in cell disintegrates with high product recoveries [12].
• Sludge solids associated viruses were eluted using 0.05 M glycine buffer, pH 10.5-11.0, and subsequently concentrated by organic flocculation [13].
• In the present study, MMP localization of the peripheral lymphocytes was performed by modified Demer's tricomplex flocculation method, and we compared the changes, after classification, between the pre-treatment and the 12-week post-treatment, of coenzyme Q10 (Co.Q10) and captopril in 61 hospitalized patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) [14].

Biological context of Flocculation

• The major phenotypes observed were lysis, failure of cell separation and/or cytokinesis, impaired bud growth and bud's site selection, clumping and flocculation, as well as increased sensitivity to a wide range of antifungal drugs and cell wall inhibitors, and impaired hyphal switching ability [15].
• We previously reported the isolation of the yeast suppressor gene for flocculation, SFL2 (TUP1) [16].
• Repression of FLO11-dependent flocculation in diploids is conferred by the mating-type repressor al/alpha2 [17].
• More importantly, in these biodegradation experiments described herein, in order to investigate the cell flocculation behavior, the temporal variations of cell size, zeta potential, and stability ratio of the cell suspension are also measured [18].
• However, unlike Saccharomyces, there was no effect on the cell surface hydrophobicity, flocculation or cell aggregation in aqy1 null C. albicans cells [19].

Anatomical context of Flocculation

• In addition, we found that Als1p mediates both flocculation and adherence of C. albicans to endothelial cells in vitro [20].
• This paper discusses the effects of flocculation conditions on the collision efficiency of ATCC strain CRL 1606 hybridomas flocculated with poly-L-histidine [21].
• Variation in VCM exposure did not affect tests of pigment excretion from the liver, such as ICG; thrombocytes; and enzyme activity (such as GPT); nor bilirubin or flocculation reaction in serum [22].
• Seasonal change in the number of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in water samples from the rivers in Hokkaido, Japan, detected by the ferric sulfate flocculation method [23].

Associations of Flocculation with chemical compounds

• Its flocculation can be reversed by the addition of galactose [9].
• The blocking factor was shown to be RF by serial dilutions of IgM-RF resulting in inverse correlations with latex flocculation and inhibition of SRBC binding, absorption of blocking from IgM-RF with insolubilized AggHuIgG, and failure of IgM-control to block binding [24].
• In all cases, the agglutination and the flocculation induced by one of these two lectins were inhibited by free or conjugated N-acetyl-D-glucosamine or by free or conjugated D-galactose, respectively [9].
• Sugar-based gemini surfactant with a vesicle-to-micelle transition at acidic pH and a reversible vesicle flocculation near neutral pH [25].
• Adsorbed ethanol may induce flocculation by reducing the electrostatic repulsion between cells, by decreasing steric stabilization, and/or by allowing the protrusion of polymer chains into the liquid phase [26].

Gene context of Flocculation

• The 5' upstream regions of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae glucoamylase-encoding genes STA1 to -3 and of the MUC1 (or FLO11) gene, which is critical for pseudohyphal development, invasive growth, and flocculation, are almost identical, and the genes are coregulated to a large extent [27].
• We propose that the SFL1 gene product may be a transcription factor which is involved in regulation of the gene(s) related to yeast flocculation [28].
• Northern analysis showed that DNA from the flocculation gene FLO1 hybridized to mRNA molecules of 4.8 kb [29].
• The sequencing of a 6619 bp region encoding for a flocculation gene previously cloned from a strain defined as FLO5 (Bidard et al., 1994) has revealed that it was a FLO1 gene [30].
• Based on these results, a model for the role of MIG1 in flocculation gene regulation is proposed [31].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Flocculation

• Results obtained by turbidimetry indicated that formulated ditekiren did not cause aggregation of human platelets or flocculation of proteins at concentrations approaching the solubility limit of the drug in plasma [32].
• In this study, ferric chloride (FeCl(3)) flocculation was used as a pretreatment to ultrafiltration (UF) in treating synthetic wastewater containing synthetic organic matter (SOM) [33].
• Chitosan was extracted from squid pens and assessed for composition, rheology, flocculation, film formation and antimicrobial properties [34].
• Experiments were performed to evaluate temporal changes in the fractal dimension of aggregates formed during flocculation of an initially monodisperse suspension of latex microspheres [35].
• Water samples were collected at the lake, the inlet to the waterworks, after each of the flocculation basins (Al2(SO4)3 and FeCl3), after rapid filtration and from the municipal distribution network [36].

References