Disease relevance of Aortic Aneurysm

• These results demonstrate that inflammatory cell expression of MMP-9 plays a critical role in an experimental model of aortic aneurysm disease, suggesting that therapeutic strategies targeting MMP-9 may limit the growth of small abdominal aortic aneurysms [1].
• A new study shows that mouse aortic allografts placed in animals lacking IFN-gamma receptors develop a Th2 inflammatory response with aortic aneurysms, whereas Th1 responses promote intimal hyperplasia [2].
• Inheritance of an RNA splicing mutation (G+ 1 IVS20) in the type III procollagen gene (COL3A1) in a family having aortic aneurysms and easy bruisability: phenotypic overlap between familial arterial aneurysms and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV [3].
• Dissecting aortic aneurysm is the hallmark of Marfan syndrome (MFS) and the result of mutations in fibrillin-1, the major constituent of elastin-associated extracellular microfibrils [4].
• It was concluded that, although these patients are prone to develop aortic aneurysms because of hypertension and associated connective tissue disorders, the presence of abdominal aortic aneurysms should be questioned as a frequent feature of ADPKD [5].

High impact information on Aortic Aneurysm

• The 5-lipoxygenase pathway promotes pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia-dependent aortic aneurysm [6].
• Superior vena cava obstruction and dissecting aortic aneurysm [7].
• Angiotensin II, atherosclerosis, and aortic aneurysms [8].
• Because elastin represents a critical component of aortic wall structure and a matrix substrate for metalloelastases, HME may have a direct and singular role in the pathogenesis of aortic aneurysms [9].
• Local overexpression of TIMP-1 prevents aortic aneurysm degeneration and rupture in a rat model [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Aortic Aneurysm

• To assess the effects of sodium nitroprusside on the deleterious hemodynamic effects of clamping and unclamping of the aorta during resection of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm without the use of a shunt, 50 patients were studied [11].
• Use of nitroprusside during surgery for thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm [11].
• Light- and electron-microscopic observations of theophylline-induced aortic aneurysms in embryonic chicks [12].
• Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) catalyzes prostaglandin synthesis from arachidonic acid and is expressed locally in aortic aneurysm and heart failure [13].
• These investigators have previously developed a model for inducing aortic aneurysms by administering theophylline or caffeine to embryonic chicks [12].

Biological context of Aortic Aneurysm

• The regulatory role of Sp1 discovered in this work supports the concept that a mechanistic link exists between vascular cellular hypoxia and mediators of inflammation associated with aortic aneurysm and heart failure [13].
• This study tested the hypothesis that interferon (IFN)-gamma, a proinflammatory cytokine present in aortic aneurysm and arteriosclerotic plaque rupture, downregulates lysyl oxidase gene expression in rat aortic smooth muscle cells [14].
• In addition to aneurysm localization, the findings regarding drinking volume and plasma ANP suggest that aortic aneurysm and rupture in salt-loaded THM occurred as the result of an unknown mechanical stress, other than blood pressure, on the aortic wall [15].
• The relationship between evoked potentials and measurements of S-100 protein in cerebrospinal fluid during and after thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm surgery [16].
• Kinetics and fate of indium 111 oxine-labeled platelets in patients with aortic aneurysms [17].

Anatomical context of Aortic Aneurysm

• Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms associated with celiac, superior mesenteric, and renal artery occlusive disease: methods and analysis of results in 271 patients [18].
• This study evaluated the effect of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage, with and without distal femoral perfusion or moderate hypothermia on blood and CSF lactate concentrations and CSF pressure during thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm surgery [19].
• Thirteen patients (mean age, 75 years) were selected between January 1980 and June 1984 for axillobifemoral bypass with bilateral iliac artery occlusion to manage their infrarenal aortic aneurysms (mean size, 6.3 cm; range, 4.9 to 7.5 cm) [20].
• CONCLUSIONS: Totally percutaneous aortic aneurysm repair is technically feasible in most cases, with no effect on the luminal diameter of the accessed femoral artery [21].
• Of the four major coronary arteries, the average number of severely narrowed arteries (reduction of more than 75 per cent) in cross-sectional luminal area) was 1.8/patient; aortic aneurysms were present in eight of these patients (24 per cent) [22].

Gene context of Aortic Aneurysm

• A mutation in the gene for type III procollagen (COL3A1) in a family with aortic aneurysms [23].
• Spontaneous aortic aneurysms in blotchy mice [24].
• This study investigated the production of the MMP-2-MT1-MMP-tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) 2 system within the wall of aortic aneurysms and in age-matched control arterial tissue [25].
• OBJECTIVES: Plasma proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory cytokine, and soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor concentrations were examined in hospitalized patients after abdominal and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repair, with and without left atrial femoral bypass [26].
• CONCLUSION: The high concentration of MMP-8 in aortic aneurysms represents a potent pathway for collagen degradation, and hence aneurysm formation and expansion [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Aortic Aneurysm

• Immunohistochemistry showed that macrophage-like cells infiltrating human aortic aneurysms expressed oncostatin M, so it is present during a chronic inflammatory reaction [28].
• RNA transcripts of the clone C7 in aortic aneurysms were examined by in situ hybridization [29].
• Randomized controlled trial of the effect of mannitol on renal reperfusion injury during aortic aneurysm surgery [30].
• THM should therefore serve as a useful animal model for studying the pathogenesis of aortic aneurysm accompanied by hypertension [15].
• When cholecystitis is suspected after aortic aneurysm repair, early confirmation of the diagnosis should be obtained with ultrasound or a technetium hepatobiliary scan and cholecystostomy or cholecystectomy undertaken if the patient does not rapidly improve with medical management [31].

References