Disease relevance of Lotus

• We sought these genes by mobilizing the symbiotic plasmid of a broad host-range Rhizobium MPIK3030 (= NGR234) that can nodulate Glycine max, Psophocarpus tetragonolobus, Vigna unguiculata, etc., into two Nod- Rhizobium mutants as well as into Agrobacterium tumefaciens [1].
• Two of these tags corresponded to genes (lipocalin and trefoil factor 2) previously shown to be overexpressed in pancreatic carcinoma, whereas the third tag corresponded to prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA), a recently discovered gene thought to be largely restricted to prostatic basal cells and prostatic adenocarcinomas [2].
• Chromatin modification of the trefoil factor 1 gene in human breast cancer cells by the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway [3].
• Metabolism of oral trefoil factor 2 (TFF2) and the effect of oral and parenteral TFF2 on gastric and duodenal ulcer healing in the rat [4].
• Selective abrogation of the proinvasive activity of the trefoil peptides pS2 and spasmolytic polypeptide by disruption of the EGF receptor signaling pathways in kidney and colonic cancer cells [5].

Psychiatry related information on Lotus

• The diurnal rhythm of the cytoprotective human trefoil protein TFF2 is reduced by factors associated with gastric mucosal damage: ageing, Helicobacter pylori infection, and sleep deprivation [6].

High impact information on Lotus

• Cellular responses to invasion-stimulatory molecules such as scatter factor, chemokines, leptin, trefoil factors, and bile acids or inhibitory factors such as platelet activating factor and thrombin depend on activation of trimeric G proteins, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and the Rac and Rho family of small GTPases [7].
• Reciprocal regulation of gastrointestinal homeostasis by SHP2 and STAT-mediated trefoil gene activation in gp130 mutant mice [8].
• Gastric mucosa abnormalities and tumorigenesis in mice lacking the pS2 trefoil protein [9].
• The protein in 2 subfractions that retained inhibitory activity was identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight MS and electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem MS as human trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) [10].
• Identification of human urinary trefoil factor 1 as a novel calcium oxalate crystal growth inhibitor [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Lotus

• Tissue sections from 80 human breast carcinomas have been examined for evidence of binding of the two fucose-specific lectins, Lotus tetragonolobus and Ulex europeus I, with enzymes utilized as an indicator system [11].
• Capillary affinity electrophoresis was used to study the interactions of lectins from Tetragonolobus purpuras with L-(-)-fucose 1-phosphate [12].
• The lectin histochemistry of ovarian mucinous cystadenoma was studied using a panel of lectins comprising Triticum vulgaris, Lotus tetragonolobus, Arachis hypogaea, Griffonia simplicifolia I, concanavalin A, and Dolichus biflorus [13].
• Four showed a striking posterior cranio-cervical lymphocele (cystic hygroma) having a symmetric, trefoil , septated appearance in the coronal plane, combined with serosal fluid collections and cutaneous edema [14].

Biological context of Lotus

• As EGF-R expression is itself strongly induced after mucosal damage, the trefoil/EGF-R relationship may be pivotal in the generation and maintenance of the mucosal repair phenotype [15].
• The trefoil gene family are coordinately expressed immediate-early genes: EGF receptor- and MAP kinase-dependent interregulation [15].
• Binding sites were found to be relatively homogeneously distributed on the plasmalemma proper, except for Lotus tetragonolobus lectin and Con A, which frequently bound in patches [16].
• Potential antitumor target genes upregulated by GATA-4 and -5, the trefoil factors, inhibinalpha, and disabled-2 (Dab2) are also silenced, in GI cancers, with associated methylation of the promoters [17].
• Transfection experiments also indicated that substituting a thymidine for a cytosine at the N position in the ERRE of the native ERRalpha target promoter trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) considerably diminished the transcriptional response of the ERRalpha/PGC-1alpha complex [18].

Anatomical context of Lotus

• Stimulation of restitution by the trefoil peptide HSP was enhanced in a cooperative fashion by the addition of mucin glycoproteins purified from the colon or small intestine of either rat or man, achieving up to a 15-fold enhancement in restitution [19].
• The most up-regulated genes in BE compared with squamous epithelium were trefoil factors, annexin A10, and galectin-4 [20].
• CONCLUSIONS: Trefoil peptides and mucin glycoproteins protect gastrointestinal mucosa from a variety of insults [21].
• PSP contains two trefoil motifs, has several pharmacological actions on the gut, and has growth factor properties on epithelial cells in vitro [22].
• The barrel structure of GIF in part resembles other "trefoil" cytokines such as interleukin 1 and fibroblast growth factor [23].

Associations of Lotus with chemical compounds

• By analogy with epidermal growth factor and EGF-like repeats, the P-domain, or trefoil motif, is a characteristic shuffled module containing six invariant cysteine residues that forms the basic unit for a family of mucin-associated peptides [24].
• Trefoil peptide protection of intestinal epithelial barrier function: cooperative interaction with mucin glycoprotein [21].
• Similar effects were observed when rat intestinal trefoil factor or human spasmolysin, another human trefoil peptide, were added alone or in the presence of human mucin glycoproteins [21].
• The N-terminal domain has a trefoil knot, in which AdoMet or AdoHcy is bound in a novel, bent conformation [25].
• Analysis of myelomonocytic leukemic differentiation by a cell surface marker panel including a fucose-binding lectin from Lotus tetragonolobus [26].

Gene context of Lotus

• In this study we demonstrate that IL-4 and IL-13 up-regulate the specific goblet cell product trefoil factor-3 (TFF3) from the mucus-producing HT-29 CL.16E and HT-29 cells selected by adaptation to methotrexate [27].
• Its sequence is related to that of other trefoil peptides including the pNR-2/pS2 protein, which is regulated by oestrogen in breast cancer [28].
• The trefoil protein TFF1 is bound to MUC5AC in human gastric mucosa [29].
• Differentiation pathways in duodenal and ampullary carcinomas: a comparative study on mucin and trefoil peptide expression, including gastric and colon carcinomas [30].
• Temporal expression of trefoil peptides in the TGF-alpha knockout mouse after gastric ulceration [31].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Lotus

• Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and re-ChIP assays revealed that although both Sp1 and Sp3 bind to the estrogen-responsive trefoil factor 1 promoter in MCF-7 cells, they do not occupy the same promoter [32].
• In the present study, evidence has been obtained from electron microscopy for the formation of highly ordered and distinct lattices for two bivalent complex type oligosaccharides cross-linked with soybean lectin (Glycine max) and isolectin A from Lotus tetragonolobus, respectively [33].
• Microarray analysis identified trefoil factor family 3 (TFF3) as a gene expressed in biliary epithelial cells (BECs), regulated by interleukin (IL)-6, and potentially involved in biliary pathophysiology [34].
• Sequence analysis of interleukin-1beta indicates that three phenylalanine residues located at positions 42, 101, and 146 are well conserved, separated by approximately 50 residues in the primary sequence, located in similar positions in the pseudo-symmetric units of the trefoil, and are juxtaposed to one another in conformational space [35].
• The fucose binding proteins (FBP) extracted from Lotus tetragonolobus seeds were isolated by affinity chromatography and compared with affinity purified commercial preparations for physical, antigenic, and biological properties [36].

References